辐射累积量控制的灌溉模式下温室番茄生长与水肥利用研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.18.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Under the irrigation mode controlled by cumulative radiation, the objective of this paper was to study on the effects of different irrigation amount on tomato growth, water and fertilizer utilization in tomato flowering and fruit-set stage, so as to provide the scientific basis for tomato efficient production in Chinese solar greenhouse. 【Method】 Under the condition of soil ridge substrate embedded cultivation to test “harvest” hybrid tomato by the nutrient solution drip irrigation, irrigation mode was divided into regular time interval irrigation (hereinafter referred to as “normal irrigation”, CK) and irrigation controlled by cumulative radiation, which was divided into low irrigation (T1), middle irrigation (T2) and high irrigation (T3). It researched on the irrigation modes and amount difference of growth, development, and water and fertilizer utilization in tomato flowering and fruit-set stage. 【Result】Compared with CK, the irrigation amount of T1, T2 and T3 reduced by 39.3%, 30.3% and 14.0%, respectively. The greater irrigation amount was, the higher substrate moisture content was, as follow: CK > T3 > T2 > T1. Irrigation mode controlled by cumulative radiation was better for tomato vegetative and reproductive growth, and significantly improved tomato biomass. Compared with treatment CK, the tomato biomass of T1, T2 and T3 had increased by 57.1%, 75.3% and 32.7%, respectively. Among them, the tomato biomass of treatment T2 was 102.9 g·plant^-1, which was also significantly higher than that of T1 and T3. Controlled by cumulative radiation, irrigation amount on sunny day was more than that on cloudy day, and irrigation amount on noon time was more than that on morning and afternoon, which was more consistent with the plant's demand for water and fertilizer. Besides, it saved the water and fertilizer and avoided the waste of water and fertilizer. Compared with CK, the drainage rate of T3 on sunny and cloudy day reduced by 62.5% and 72.6%, respectively. The suitable irrigation amount controlled by cumulative radiation also significantly improved tomato yield and irrigation water utilization efficiency. Compared with CK, the tomato yield of T2 was improved by 14.2%, reached to 61.3 t·hm^-2, and the irrigation water utilization efficiency was improved by 34.1%. Too little irrigation amount inhibited the production of plants. 【Conclusion】 Irrigation mode controlled by cumulative radiation could promote growth and effectively save water and fertilizer. Among them, the irrigation amount of T2 was 533.0 m³·hm^-2, which could be used as a referenced nutrient solution for tomato flowering and fruit-set stage in Chinese solar greenhouse.

Key words: cumulative radiation, irrigation amount, water and fertilizer utilization, flowering and fruit-set stage, tomato

XiaoRan WEI, RuiFeng CHENG, QiChang YANG, YongKang HE, Chen ZHANG. Research of the Irrigation Mode Controlled by Cumulative Radiation on Tomato Growth and Water and Fertilizer Utilization in Greenhouse[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(18): 3531-3541.

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References 33

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时期 Time	处理 Treatment	每次灌溉量 Each irrigation amount (m³·hm^-2)	总灌溉量 Total irrigation amount (m³·hm^-2)	施肥量 Nutrient rates（kg·hm^-2）
时期 Time	处理 Treatment	每次灌溉量 Each irrigation amount (m³·hm^-2)	总灌溉量 Total irrigation amount (m³·hm^-2)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
花期 Flowering stage	CK	1.3	319.3	51.8	28.9	83.1
	T1	2.0	199.8	32.4	18.1	52.0
	T2	2.3	229.0	37.2	20.8	59.6
	T3	2.5	258.3	41.9	23.4	67.2
坐果期 Fruit-set stage	CK	2.3	445.8	72.3	40.4	116.1
	T1	2.3	264.8	43.0	24.0	68.9
	T2	2.5	304.0	49.3	27.6	79.1
	T3	3.5	399.8	64.8	36.2	104.1

日期 Date	天气 Weather	灌溉量Irrigation amount (m³·hm^-2)				排出量Drainage amount (m³·hm^-2)		排出率Drainage ratio (%)
日期 Date	天气 Weather	CK	T1	T2	T3	CK	T3	CK	T3
Dec. 1	多云Cloudy	21.3	10.6	11.8	17.1	10.2	1.8	47.9	10.5
Dec. 2	阴 Overcast	20.7	5.8	7.1	10.3	10.4	1.2	50.3	11.8
Dec. 3	阴 Overcast	21.4	7.7	9.4	13.5	11.1	2.5	51.8	18.8
Dec. 4	晴 Sunny	22.7	9.7	11.8	16.8	6.4	2.0	28.3	12.1
Dec. 5	晴 Sunny	22.3	9.7	11.8	16.8	6.1	1.5	27.4	8.7
Dec. 6	晴 Sunny	22.0	10.7	11.8	16.8	6.5	1.9	29.7	11.4

Research of the Irrigation Mode Controlled by Cumulative Radiation on Tomato Growth and Water and Fertilizer Utilization in Greenhouse

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