Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (3): 539-550.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.03.007

• PLANT PROTECTION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Occurrence and Biological Characteristics of Tomato mottle mosaic virus on Solanaceae Crops in China

LI YueYue1,5,ZHOU WenPeng1,LU SiQian1,CHEN DeRong1,DAI JianHong2,GUO QiaoYou2,LIU Yong3,LI Fan1,TAN GuanLin1,4()   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2 Plant Protection and Plant Inspection Station of Yuanmou, Yuanmou 651300, Yunnan
    3 Plant Protection Institute of Hunan, Changsha 410125
    4 Center for Modern Educational Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    5 College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, Henan
  • Received:2019-08-07 Accepted:2019-09-19 Online:2020-02-01 Published:2020-02-13
  • Contact: GuanLin TAN E-mail:gltan@126.com

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to determine the occurrence, main distribution area, natural host and biological characteristics including host range, transmission way and pathogenicity of Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV) in solanaceae crops of China, which is a newly identified species in the genus Tobamovirus.【Method】Using RT-PCR method, the suspected virus-infected pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, tobacco of solanaceae crops showing mosaic, shrinking, malformation, yellowing, necrosis symptoms collected from 13 provinces/autonomous regions (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hainan, Hunan, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hubei, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Tibet and Inner Mongolia) of China in 2013-2017 were detected. Transmission ways were tested by mechanical inoculation and injection, by ToMMV detection in the seeds obtained from ToMMV-infecting tobacco and the seedlings germinated from the seeds, as well as in the 6-8 leaves seedlings of pepper and tomato germinated from the healthy seeds grew in the ToMMV-contaminated soils. Host range test of ToMMV on 30 plants in 6 families such as Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae and disease resistance evaluation of different pepper and tomato varieties against ToMMV were carried out.【Result】A total of 1 622 suspected virus-diseased samples of solanaceae crops were collected from 13 provinces/autonomous regions, and the average detection rate of ToMMV was 2.59%, which occurred in 7 provinces/autonomous regions including Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. ToMMV infection in pepper was detected in Yunnan, Hunan, Hainan, Shaanxi and Tibet, while the infection of ToMMV in tomato was detected in Yunnan, Hainan, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, with the average detection rates of 2.51% and 3.46%, respectively. No ToMMV was detected in eggplant, potato and tobacco. ToMMV could be transmitted by mechanical inoculation, injection, virus-contaminated seeds and virus-contaminated soils under experimental conditions, and showed the higher ToMMV infection rate in the seeds, the greater impact on the growth of seedlings. ToMMV could infect almost all of the tested solanaceae and cruciferae plants, and some leguminosae and cucurbitaceae plants. One pepper germplasm material was identified as immune to ToMMV, and two pepper germplasm materials were high resistance to ToMMV, while two tomato germplasm materials showed high resistance to ToMMV.【Conclusion】ToMMV has been occurring on pepper and tomato in China at present, and the host range of ToMMV is wide and the pathogenicity is strong under experimental conditions. ToMMV has a gradual spread and epidemic trend in China, and it is likely to become one of the most harmful viruses on vegetable crop production, especially in solanaceae crops in the future.

Key words: Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV), solanaceae crops, occurrence and distribution, transmission way, pathogenicity

Table 1

ToMMV detection results from pepper samples in 13 provinces/autonomous regions of China"

采样地区Sampling area 样品采集数Sampling number 检出数Number of positive 检出率Detection rate (%)
云南Yunnan 847 17 2.01
湖南Hunan 4 4 100.00
西藏Tibet 7 1 14.29
陕西Shaanxi 9 1 11.11
海南Hainan 12 1 8.33
贵州Guizhou、湖北Hubei、河南Henan、山东Shandong、辽宁Liaoning、内蒙古Inner Mongolia、浙江Zhejiang、四川Sichuan 79 0 0
总检出率Total detection rate (%) 958 24 2.51

Table 2

ToMMV detection results of tomato samples in 8 provinces/autonomous regions of China"

采样地区Sampling area 样品采集数Sampling number 检出数Number of positive 检出率Detection rate (%)
云南Yunnan 446 5 1.12
辽宁Liaoning 8 6 75.00
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia 6 2 33.33
海南 Hainan 17 5 29.41
陕西Shaanxi、山东Shandong、西藏Tibet、河南Henan 43 0 0
总检出率Total detection rate (%) 520 18 3.46

Fig. 1

Sympotoms on N. rustica and N. tabacum var. Xanthi nc inoculated with ToMMV"

Fig. 2

ToMMV detection results of N. tabacum var. Xanthi nc seeds infected with ToMMV"

Fig. 3

ToMMV detection results from the healthy pepper and tomato seeds as well as the soil pre-grew ToMMV-infected plants"

Table 3

Symptoms on the tested plants inoculated with ToMMV and ToMMV detection results by RT-PCR"

供试植株所属科
Family of tested plants
供试植株
Tested plant
表现症状
Symptom
RT-PCR检测结果
Results of RT-PCR
茄科
Solanaceae
辣椒Capsicum annuum 花叶Mosaic、黄化Yellowing、坏死Necrosis、皱缩Shrinking +
番茄Solanum lycopersicum 花叶Mosaic、泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion、线形叶Leaf narrowing +
茄子Solanum melongena 斑驳Mottle、坏死Necrosis +
马铃薯Solanum tuberosum 斑驳Mottle、黄化Yellowing、坏死Necrosis +
普通烟Nicotiana tobacum 花叶Mosaic +
本氏烟N. benthamiana 褪绿Chlorosis、黄化Yellowing +
黄花烟N. rustica 泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion、坏死Necrosis +
珊西烟N. tabacum var. Xanthi nc 花叶Mosaic、泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion、线形叶Leaf narrowing +
三生烟N. tabacum var. Samsun 花叶Mosaic、线性叶Leaf narrowing +
心叶烟N. glutinosa 坏死斑Necrosis spot +
矮牵牛Petunia hybrida 泡斑Blistering、畸形Distortion +
酸浆Physalis alkekengi 褪绿Chlorosis、斑驳Mottle +
假酸浆Nicandra physaloides 花叶Mosaic +
曼陀罗Datura stramonium 无症状No symptom -
十字花科
Cruciferae
大白菜Brassica pekinensis 褪绿Chlorosis、轻斑驳Mild mottle +
青菜B. chinensis 褪绿Chlorosis、轻斑驳Mild mottle +
青花菜B. oleacea var. italica 症状不明显No obvious symptom +
花椰菜B. oleracea var. botrytis 症状不明显No obvious symptom +
油菜B. campestris 轻斑驳Mild mottle +
萝卜Raphanus sativus 轻斑驳Mild mottle +
葫芦科
Cucurbitaceae
西葫芦Cucurbita pepo 褪绿Chlorosis、轻斑驳Mild mottle +
黄瓜Cucumis sativus 症状不明显No obvious symptom +
南瓜Cucurbita moschata 症状不明显No obvious symptom +
丝瓜Luffa cylindrica 无症状No symptom -
苦瓜Momordica charantia 无症状No symptom -
豆科
Leguminosae
菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris 斑驳Mottle、坏死Necrosis +
豇豆Vigna unguiculata 无症状No symptom -
豌豆Pisum sativum 无症状No symptom -
旋花科 Convolvulaceae 蕹菜Ipomoea aquatica 无症状No symptom -
藜科 Chenopodiaceae 昆诺藜Chenopodium quinoa 无症状No symptom -

Fig. 4

Symptoms on some tested plants inoculated with ToMMV"

Table 4

Resistance/susceptibility response of pepper and tomato resources to ToMMV"

供试植株
Tested plant
品种
Variety
发病率
Incidence (%)
病情指数
Disease index (DI)
抗性评价
Evaluation of resistance level
辣椒
Pepper
野生小辣椒Wild little pepper 0 0 免疫I
小米辣Spicy millet 8.33 6.48 高抗HR
韩国原种朝天椒Korea pod pepper 20.00 7.78 高抗HR
8819线椒8819 string-pepper 30.77 15.38 抗病R
金满田Ⅱ号Jinmantian Ⅱ 32.00 16.00 抗病R
丘北辣 Qiubei pepper 34.15 18.43 抗病R
日本朝天椒 Japan pod pepper 38.10 21.16 中抗MR
日本高抗天鹰椒Japan highly resistant tianying pepper 50.00 25.56 中抗MR
新陇2号 Xinlong 2 100.00 54.25 感病S
甜椒王Sweet pepper king 90.00 61.11 高感HS
番茄
Tomato
T596小樱桃T596 little cherry 35.85 3.98 高抗HR
钻红1号Zuan hong 1 38.64 8.84 高抗HR
T3108 50.00 16.18 抗病R
TM40456 65.31 23.13 抗病R
T3068粉果T3068 pink tomato 64.44 28.40 抗病R
T808 76.09 35.02 中抗MR
TM3167 61.36 35.61 中抗MR
宝石F1 Baoshi F1 85.71 42.86 中抗MR
T367 89.47 57.89 感病S
T364 91.84 70.52 高感HS
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