大气CO2浓度和温度升高对稻麦轮作生态系统N2O排放的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.13.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was conducted to examine the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and temperature on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from annual rice-wheat rotation systems, so as to gain an insight into N₂O fluxes response to climate change.【Method】An in-situ field experiment was established in annual rice-winter wheat rotation systems under a T-FACE platform, consisting of four treatments under different CO₂ concentration and temperature levels (ambient CO₂ + ambient temperature, ambient; 500 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂ + ambient temperature, C; ambient CO₂ + temperature increased by 2℃, T; 500 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂ + temperature increased by 2℃, C+T) during 2012-2015. The fluxes of N₂O from rice-wheat rotation fields were measured using static opaque chamber-gas chromatograph method.【Result】(1) On an average of two rice-growing seasons, elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration significantly increased the biomass and yield of rice by 9.7% and 5.6%, respectively, and those increments of wheat were 11.3% and 5.7% over the three wheat-growing seasons（P＜0.05）, respectively; Elevated temperature significantly reduced the biomass and yield of rice by 21.1% and 31.6%, and those reductions of wheat were 18.0% and 17.7%, respectively; The combination of elevated CO₂ and temperature significantly reduced the biomass and yield of rice by 13.5%（P＜0.05）and 26.0%, and those reductions of wheat were 8.7% and 10.3%（P＜0.05）, respectively. (2) Either elevated CO₂ concentration or temperature did not affect the seasonal patterns of N₂O emission from rice-wheat rotation system. Elevated CO₂ concentration increased N₂O emissions in rice and wheat season by 15.2% and 39.9%, respectively. Elevated temperature did not affect N₂O emissions in rice season, but it significantly increased N₂O emissions in wheat season by 20.5% (P＜0.05). Despite of a considerable interannual variability, N₂O emissions tended to be increased by the combined effect of elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature in rice season; the emissions of N₂O in wheat season were significantly increased by 46.0% under the condition of C+T treatment. (3) The cumulative N₂O emissions in wheat were positively correlated with belowground biomass of wheat and ΔSOC. (4) Elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, elevated temperature and their combination increased GHGI of rice-wheat rotation field by 29.1%, 66.3% and 81.8%, respectively.【Conclusion】All of these results showed that both elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature had a strong impact on the emission of N₂O in rice-wheat rotation field. Elevated CO₂ concentration significantly increased the emission of N₂O in both rice and wheat seasons; Elevated temperature significantly increased N₂O emission in wheat season, but no significant change was observed in rice season. Elevated CO₂ concentration increased N₂O-derived GHGI from rice-wheat rotation field, but it was not significantly different; Elevated temperature and the interactive between elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature significantly increased GHGI. The effects of different applied treatments on N₂O-derived GHGI from rice-wheat rotation field from high to low in order were: C+T>T>C. It was suggested from this study that to ensure present crop supply level under the condition of high atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature would likely to exacerbate climate change by increasing N₂O emission.

Key words: T-FACE, rice-wheat rotation, CO₂, temperature, biomass, yield, N₂O, GHGI

WANG Cong, LI ShuQing, LIU ShuWei, ZOU JianWen. Response of N₂O Emissions to Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Temperature in Rice-wheat Rotation Agroecosystem[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(13): 2535-2550.

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Response of N₂O Emissions to Elevated Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration and Temperature in Rice-wheat Rotation Agroecosystem