干旱区棉花秸秆还田和施肥对土壤氮素有效性及根系生物量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.13.020

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this paper was to study the cotton soil nitrogen transformation process in arid region and it’s influence on the root biomass of cotton. The availability of cotton soil nitrogen which responds to agriculture management measures was clarified which respond to agriculture management measures, made high yield and high efficiency management measures for cotton, which implement high yield, good quality and low cost, serve for environmental friendly production of cotton.【Method】The main plot treatment consisted of two stubble management measures: stubble-removed (S0) and stubble returning to soil (S1). The split-plot treatment was composed of four fertilizer treatments: no fertilization (F0), NPK fertilizer (F1), organic fertilizer (F2) and combined application of NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizer (F3). The influences of stubble returning to soil and fertilization on soil nitrogen availability were studied and the process of cotton soil nitrogen transformation, including the change of net mineralization, net nitrification, gross nitrification and denitrification was discussed and the response of soil available nitrogen content and root biomass of cotton to stubble returning to soil and fertilization was clarified. 【Result】Stubble returning to soil and fertilization increased the net mineralization, gross nitrification and denitrification of soil in cotton field significantly, each index among different fertilization treatments and at different growth stages had different variations, there was no significant difference among the three fertilizer treatments, but the maximum rate was observed at full-bloom stage. Stubble returning to soil and fertilization increased ammonium, nitrate and inorganic N significantly, but there was no significant difference among the three fertilizer treatments, the content of inorganic N at full-bloom stage and full-boll stage was higher than at harvesting stage. Stubble returning to soil decreased the root-shoot ratio significantly, had no significant effect on root biomass and fine/coarse root biomass ratio. Fertilization increased the root-shoot ratio, root biomass and fine root biomass, there was no significant difference among the three fertilizer treatments. In summary, stubble returning to soil increased soil net mineralization, net nitrification, gross nitrification, denitrification, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and absorbable inorganic nitrogen content and root biomass. Combined application of NPK fertilizer and organic fertilizer had the largest soil net mineralization, net nitrification, gross nitrification, denitrification, nitrate nitrogen and absorbable inorganic nitrogen content. Combined application of NPK fertilizer also has the largest root biomass and fine/coarse root biomass ratio.【Conclusion】Stubble returning to soil and fertilization are beneficial to promotion of soil nitrogen transformation and available nitrogen content, thus affecting cotton root growth and biomass. Adoption of stubble returning to soil and different fertilization measures in cotton field in arid areas can promote soil nitrogen availability. Implementation of stubble returning to soil in arid areas, combined with application of NPK fertilizer and chicken manure, are helpful to accelerate the transformation of soil nutrient, improve efficiency of fertilizer, increase the effective content of nutrient, and promote the root growth and carbon assimilation ability of crop aboveground part.

Key words: arid region, cotton, fertilizer, stubble returning to soil, nitrogen transformation, available nitrogen

ZHANG GuoJuan, PU XiaoZhen, ZHANG PengPeng, ZHANG WangFeng. Effects of Stubble Returning to Soil and Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Root Biomass of Cotton in Arid Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(13): 2624-2634.

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Effects of Stubble Returning to Soil and Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Root Biomass of Cotton in Arid Region

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