不同栽培模式对夏玉米根系性能及产量和氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.008

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study was to promote the growth of maize roots, enhance root absorption performance, and then reduce the amount of fertilizer, and then provide a theoretical basis for promoting the production of high yield and high efficiency by investigating the effects of different cultivation patterns on the root performance, grain yield formation and nitrogen uptake and utilization of summer maize, and exploring the relationship between root morphological characteristics and nitrogen uptake capacity of maize under different cultivation patterns. 【Method】Under two soil fertilities, with no nitrogen treatment as control (CK), three cultivation patterns including super high-yielding cultivation pattern (SH), high-yielding and high efficiency cultivation pattern (HH) and local farmer's practice(FP) in the long-term experiments by using ZD958 as testing varieties. The regulation of root characteristics on yield formation and nitrogen utilization in summer maize under different cultivation patterns were measured in fixed field experiment. 【Result】The yields of summer maize was significantly different among different cultivation patterns, compared with the HH, FP and CK patterns, the average yield of SH pattern in two years both in high soil fertility (HSF) and low soil fertility (LSF) were increased by 3.54%, 17.50%, 30.12% and 3.16%, 18.45%, 27.72% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that both soil fertility and cultivation patterns had significant effects on summer maize yield, and comprehensive effect of double factors varied by years. The population biomass in high and low soil fertilities was SH > HH > FP > CK during the whole growing season. The total nitrogen accumulation in SH pattern was significantly higher than those in other patterns at the VT and R6 stages, and the N use efficiency and agronomic N use efficiency were higher than that of FP. HH pattern had the highest agronomic N use efficiency, nutrient use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index. Its nitrogen partial factor productivity was lower than FP, but still higher than the SH pattern. The results showed that summer maize root growth was greatly affected by different cultivation patterns. Root dry weight density, root length density and root surface area density were all expressed as SH > HH > FP > CK. From V12 to VT stage, increases in root length, root dry weight and root surface density of SH and HH patterns were higher than that of FP pattern, and decreases in that of FP pattern were highest from VT to R3 stage. The proportion of active absorption area of SH and HH patterns at VT stage was significantly higher than that in FP pattern. The root length density, root surface area density, root dry weight density were very significantly and positively correlated with yield and nitrogen use efficiency. 【Conclusion】HH pattern effectively promoted root development, delayed the senescence of root, improved the nitrogen use efficiency, achieved the high yield and high efficiency of summer maize.

Key words: summer maize, cultivation pattern, root characteristics, yield formation, nitrogen use efficiency

REN Hao, CHENG Yi, LIU Peng, DONG ShuTing, ZHAO Jie, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin. Effects of Different Cultivation Patterns on Root Characteristics, Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2270-2281.

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