包膜尿素施用时期对夏玉米产量和氮素积累特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.022

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The measures of agricultural production will be simplified which is a trend in the future because of agricultural labor is decreasing. Huang-Huai-Hai Region is high temperature and rainy in summer corn season. Single basal fertilization is easy to release so fast that corn can’t have enough N at late growth stage which can’t meet the demand of maize growth. By studying different fertilizer application times, the optimum summer corn fertilization methods were explored for the simplification of production measures while guaranteeing the yield and improving the utilization efficiency of fertilizer. 【Method】 Denghai605 (DH605) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958) were used as test varieties. Five experimental treatments were designed including no nitrogen fertilization (CK), one-dose nitrogen application (JN), split nitrogen topdressing (SN), coated-urea as base fertilizer (BR), coated-urea application time at jointing stage (JR). The effect of fertilizer application time on accumulation of dry matter accumulation, nitrogen transport characteristics and yield by field experiment.【Result】Nitrogen fertilizer significantly improved maize yield. Compared with CK treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the yield of nitrogen treatments were increased by 18.9%-24.7% and 19.4%-28.9%. Compared with the JN treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the yield of SN were increased by 4.15% and 5.80%, and the grain number of ZD958 was significantly increased. Compared with BR treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the yield of SN was increased by 1.44% and 7.80%, and that of JR was increased by 2.10% and 10.13%, respectively. The grain number of ZD958 and 1000- grain weight of DH605 was increased significantly. The yield of JR was the highest in two years, but there was no significant difference between JR and SN. Compared with BR of ZD958 and DH605, the total nitrogen accumulation of JR were increased by 10.99% and 6.78%, the amounts of accumulated nitrogen after flowering were increased by 45.99% and 43.87%, nitrogen absorption rate after flowering were increased by 46.1% and 43.5%. Compared with SN treatment of ZD958 and DH605, the total nitrogen accumulation of JR were increased by 5.15% and 7.67%, and the post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation were increased by 18.78% and 30.49%, and the rate of nitrogen absorption after anthesis were increased by 18.39% and 30.51%. Compared with BR of ZD958 and DH605, the active N accumulation period (ANAP) of JR were increased by 13.74 days and 25.87 days, respectively, and the nitrogen content (NAAG) was increased by 12.78% and 10.49%, and the assimilating amount of nitrogen after anthesis (AANAA) was increased by 50.87% and 42.57%, and nitrogen translocation amount (NTA) was decreased by 24.82% and 25.38%, the nitrogen transport efficiency (NTE) was decreased by 19.16% and 12.04%, the partial factor productivity from applied N (PFPN) was increased by 2.07% and 10.19%, and the agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen (AEN) was increased by 11.47% and 69.72%. The recovery efficiency of applied nitrogen (REN) was increased by 60.89% and 25.91%, and soil nitrogen dependence rate (SNDR) decreased by 9.90% and 6.36%, respectively. Compared with SN of ZD958, the ANAP of JR was increased by 12.77 d, NAAG and AANAA were increased by 3.44% and 20.17%, NTA and NTE were decreased by 18.93% and 15.76%, PFPN, AEN and REN were increased by 0.63%, 3.29% and 23.07%, while SNDR was decreased by 4.89% respectively. Compared with SN of DH605, the ANAP was increased by 22.76 d, NAAG and AANAA were increased by 10.26% and 28.67%, NTA and NTE were decreased by 15.56% and 7.80%, PFPN, AEN and REN were increased by 2.15%, 10.31% and 29.96%, while SNDR was decreased by 7.12%, respectively.【Conclusion】The coated urea applied at jointing stage instead of basal could increase corn grain nitrogen content, extended the active time of plant nitrogen accumulation. PFPN, AEN, REN were increased significantly, SNDR was reduced, more nitrogen directly affected grain growth, the amount of yield was equal to SN. JR is more convenient to meet maize’s demand of nutrients on the basis of one-dose nitrogen application, which help streamline production of summer maize.

Key words: summer maize, coated-urea, application timing, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

SUN XuDong, SUN Hu, DONG ShuTing, ZHAO Bin, LIU Peng, ZHANG JiWang. Effect of Coated-Urea Application Times on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2179-2188.

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