土壤耕作和施肥方式对夏玉米干物质积累与产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Soil tillage practice and fertilization have remarkable influence on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The objective of this study was to clarify physiological reason for differences of maize yield and nitrogen efficiency by exploring the effects of the slow release fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and transportation, and characteristics of photosynthesis of summer maize under different soil tillages.【Method】A field experiment was conducted at Xinxiang, Henan province from 2013 to 2014. The experimental design was a split plot. The main plot was three soil tillage management, rototilling (R), no-tillage (N) and sub-soiling (S), and the subplot was nitrogen application, N 270 kg·hm^-2 slow release fertilizer treatment (SRF), and N 270 kg·hm^-2 conventional compound fertilizer with two applications (CCF) (40% as basal application and 60% at the beginning of male tetrad stage). 【Result】Compared with conventional fertilization and soil tillage practices, the application of slow release fertilizer and the sub-soiling tillage significantly increased post-silking leaf area (LAI) and photosynthetic rate (Pn) of maize. At maturity, the decrease in LAI for SRF was 7.5% (N), 9.7% (R), and 11.8% (S) lower than those for CCF; the decrease in Pn for SRF was 7.3% (N), 11.5% (R), and 16.8% (S) lower than those for CCF averaged the two years. The LAI of the slow release fertilizer under the sub-soiling tillage (S-SRF) increased by 16.0%-47.9%, and the Pn increased by 14.5%-52.3% than that of other treatments. Higher post-silking LAI and Pn promoted the post-silking dry matter accumulation rate and duration increased, eventually increased post-silking dry matter accumulation and its transportation to grain. The averaged dry matter assimilation post-silking of applying the slow release fertilizer across two years were 1.5%, 21.4% and 24.4% higher, and the averaged dry matter accumulation post-silking of applying the slow release fertilizer across two years were 11%, 12.2% and 17% higher, respectively, compared to those in the conventional fertilizer treatment under rototilling, no-tillage, and sub-soiling. The post-silking dry matter accumulation and assimilation of S-SRF were significantly higher than that in other treatments, increased by 13.4%-28.9% and 17.4%-39.6%, respectively. The post-silking dry matter accumulation and assimilation were the main reason for yield increase. As a result, the application of slow release fertilizer and the sub-soiling tillage significantly improved the grain yield of summer maize by increasing 1000-kernel weight and harvest ear numbers, respectively. Among the treatments, the yield of the slow release fertilizer under the sub-soiling tillage (S-SRF) was 9.2%-23.2% higher than that in other treatments.【Conclusion】The sub-soiling tillage improved the spatial distribution of soil nitrogen, and the slow release fertilizer improved the temporal distribution of soil nitrogen. The integrated sub-soiling and slow release fertilizer improved N supply corresponded to maize critical growth stages and matched N uptake, which provided an approach for enhancing the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield in Huang-Huai-Hai plain.

Key words: summer maize, slow-release fertilizer, soil tillage, dry matter accumulation and transportation, grain yield

ZHOU BaoYuan, SUN XueFang, DING ZaiSong, MA Wei, ZHAO Ming. Effect of Tillage Practice and Fertilization on Dry Matter Accumulation and Grain Yield of Summer Maize (Zea Mays L.)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(11): 2129-2140.

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Effect of Tillage Practice and Fertilization on Dry Matter Accumulation and Grain Yield of Summer Maize (Zea Mays L.)

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