东北黑土微生物群落对长期施肥及作物的响应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.013

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics of micropopulation in northeast China black soil under more 35 years of fertilization of two crop seasons. The effects of inorganic fertilizer and manure on the abundance and structure of micropopulation were identified. Black soil micropopulation responses to the interaction of long-term fertilization and crops would be revealed. This study will provide evidences for further enhancing fertilization and tillage method.【Method】Based on a long-term fertilization experiment carried out in Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, four different fertilization treatment samples in soybean and maize growing seasons were selected including samples without fertilizer (CK); manure (M); inorganic fertilizer (NPK); and inorganic fertilizers with manure (MNPK). Letter “m” before treatment represented maize season sample, and letter “s” represented soybean season sample. The Illumina Miseq sequencing and quantitative PCR of 16S rRNA gene were applied to analyze the effects of fertilization and crops on micropopulation in black soil. Correlation analysis was carried out between micropopulation and the soil properties.【Result】The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in maize growing season (6.32×10⁸-8.83×10⁸/ng DNA) was lower than that in soybean growing season (0.96×10⁹-2.30×10⁹/ng DNA). Alpha diversity in maize growing season (ACE index was between 3 674.58-4 034.84) was lower than that of soybean season (ACE index was between 4 167.47-4 887.36), too. The top phylum was Acidobacteria (24.47%-27.90%) in maize growing season, but it was Proteobacteria (27.78%-34.40%) in soybean growing season. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were significantly different between two crop growing seasons. The 16S rRNA gene copy numbers in treatment of inorganic fertilizers with manure was greater than that of inorganic fertilizers. Alpha diversity in treatment of inorganic fertilizers with manure was higher than that of inorganic fertilizers (Chao1 index of sMNPK compared with that of sNPK was more 11.89%). The composition of micropopulation in different fertilization treatments of one crop growing season was different. The relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria in sMNPK and sNPK compared with that of sCK were more 3.31% and 5.24%, Gammaproteobacteria in sMNPK and sNPK were higher 1.72% and 1.20% than that in sCK, and were sensitive to fertilizers. Correlation analysis showed that 16S rRNA gene copy number was positively correlated with soil NO₃^--N and available K, the diversity index and soil total N, NO₃^--N, NH₄⁺-N, available P and available K were closely related. 【Conclusion】Results of the research demonstrated that of long-term different fertilizations and different crop growing seasons have effects on microbial richness, α diversity and community structure. Inorganic and organic fertilizers improved the soil pH, slowed down soil acidification, changed microbial structures, increased microbial richness and diversity as well as the metabolic activity of micropopulation.

Key words: fertilizer, crop, microbial community structure, soil chemical properties, high-throughput sequencing, black soil

DING Jian-li, JIANG Xin, GUAN Da-wei, MA Ming-chao, ZHAO Bai-suo, ZHOU Bao-ku, CAO Feng-ming, LI Li, LI Jun. Responses of Micropopulation in Black Soil of Northeast China to Long-Term Fertilization and Crops[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(22): 4408-4418.

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Responses of Micropopulation in Black Soil of Northeast China to Long-Term Fertilization and Crops

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