不同栽培模式及施氮方式对油菜产量和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.18.009

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of different cultivations and nitrogen (N) application methods on seed yield and N use efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in the main planting areas, and provide theoretical support for high efficient fertilization management in oilseed rape.【Method】 Field trials were conducted in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces during the period of 2010-2011. Three methods of N application (i.e., surface broadcast placement, plough placement, and concentrate placement) were taken to analyze the impact on rapeseed yield, dry matter accumulation and N uptake between the transplanted oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) (TOR) and direct-sown oilseed rape (DOR).【Result】 Under the same processing conditions, the seed yield level of TOR was higher than DOR and the difference value was 299.1-544.2 kg·hm^-2. The TOR could obtain higher biomass compared to DOR between aboveground and underground according to the dry matter dynamics, furthermore, N accumulation increased significantly by 33.1%-54.8% on average for TOR. Moreover, the agronomic efficiency (AE_N) and N apparent recovery efficiency (RE_N) were significantly increased in TOR compared to the DOR, respectively, which AE_N increased by 20.2% from 6.5 to 7.8 kg·kg^-1, and RE_N increased by 37.5% from 27.6% to 37.5%. N application had a significant effect on seed yield, especially for TOR. Different N application methods resulted in a noticeable impact on yield, dry matter accumulation, N uptake and N use efficiency, following as concentrating> ploughing > broadcasting. The concentrating could increase yield and N accumulation compared to broadcasting, increased yield by 18.2%-23.8% and N accumulation increased by 19.0%-37.0% for TOR and DOR，respectively. Compared with broadcasting, the AE_N of concentrating increased by 27.7% ranged from 6.9 to 8.8 kg·kg^-1 and RE_N increased by 27.2% ranged from 33.3% to 42.3% in TOR, meanwhile, the AE_N of concentrating increased by 31.7% ranged from 5.7 to 7.5 kg·kg^-1 and RE_N increased by 50.7% ranged from 22.0% to 33.2% in DOR. The increase amplitude in underground biomass accounted for 61.8% under concentrating during the whole period and the aboveground portion was 50.5% compared with broadcasting for TOR, while it was 78.5% and 66.7% for DOR, respectively.【Conclusion】 The growth and yield formation were more sensitive to different N application methods in DOR. Dry matter accumulation including underground and aboveground part after anthesis can be coordinately achieved synchronous accumulative under Concentrating. Therefore, both Banding and Holing can efficiency during the oilseed rape production among all the N application methods.

Key words: oilseed rape, cultivations, concentrating, yield, dry matter, nitrogen use efficiency

LIU Bo, LU Jian-wei, LI Xiao-kun, CONG Ri-huan, WU Li-shu, YE Chuan, ZHENG Wei, XU Wei-ming, YAO Zhong-qing, REN Tao. Effects of Different Cultivations and Nitrogen Application Methods on Seed Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(18): 3551-3560.

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Effects of Different Cultivations and Nitrogen Application Methods on Seed Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

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