免耕条件下秸秆还田对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统土壤呼吸及土壤水热状况的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.11.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of straw mulching on soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture of winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in no tillage.【Method】From October 2011 to September 2014, a long-term location test of 6 different tillage treatments was set in Yangling, Shaanxi. The treatments used were total amount of straw returning to field+fertilization (S1F1), total amount of straw returning to field+no fertilization(S1F0), half the amount of straw to field+fertilization (S1/2F1), half the amount of straw to field+no fertilization(S1/2F0), without straw+fertilization (S0F1), without straw+no fertilization(S0F0), then the differences in soil respiration, soil temperature, soil moisture, crop yield and soil organic carbon of the soil plow layer under different treatments were measured and analyzed from 2011 to 2014. 【Result】During the growth period of winter wheat, soil respiration rate in each treatment showed an increase after the first downward trend and then a decrease. During the growth period of summer maize, the respiration rate in each treatment showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. During the same growth period, the following was S1F1＞S1/2F1＞S1/2F0＞S0F1＞S1F0＞CK in the average rate and cumulative soil respiration. During different growth stages of the same crop, the cumulative soil respiration in different treatments showed a decreasing trend year by year. In the whole research term, the variation trend of soil temperature was similar with the trend of the monthly average temperature. The soil temperature variation trends of different treatments during the same growth period were similar. Simultaneously, the average soil temperatures during the same period of different treatments were decreased with the increase of soil depth. In winter, the soil temperature of different treatments was higher than that of CK, but the average soil temperature was lower than that of CK in a same growth period. The soil moisture decreased with the increase of soil depth, but the soil moisture was affected by rainfall, the change of soil moisture in different rotation cycles was larger, and the average water moisture of each treatment showed a trend of S1F0＞S1F1＞S1/2F0＞S1/2F1＞CK＞S0F1 in a same growth period. Meanwhile, the soil moisture in different straw mulching treatments was significantly different from that of CK, respectively (P＜0.05); 32.5%-60.4% variations in soil respiration rate could be recorded due to the soil temperature, and 38.4%-82.5% variations in it could be recorded due to the soil moisture. In different depths of soil, the correlation between the soil temperature and the soil respiration in 5 cm depth was the strongest, and the correlation between the soil moisture and the soil respiration at 10-20 cm was the highest. In the same year, the yields of winter wheat and summer maize in different treatments, respectively, showed a trend of S1F1＞S1F0＞S1/2F1＞S0F1＞S1/2F0＞CK. In the research cycle, the yield of wheat increased continuously in three years, and the yield of maize increased in the previous two years of three, but the yield in the third year significantly decreased because of the influence of extremely hot weather. After the harvest of single crop, soil organic carbon in different treatments at the same soil depth, respectively, demonstrated a trend of S1F1＞S1/2F1＞S1F0＞S1/2F0＞S0F1＞CK. Meanwhile, the soil organic carbon in different treatments of straw mulching was increased continuously in the three years.【Conclusion】Long-term no tillage with straw returning can effectively reduce soil carbon emissions, improve soil water use efficiency and winter soil temperature, and increase crop yield and soil organic carbon. The effect of S1F0 treatment is the best among different treatments.

Key words: no tillage, winter wheat-summer maize, rotation, straw returning, soil respiration, water and heat condition

WANG Wei-yu, QIAO Bo, Kashif AKHTAR, YUAN Shuai, REN Guang-xin, FENG Yong-zhong. Effects of Straw Returning to Field on Soil Respiration and Soil Water Heat in Winter Wheat - Summer Maize Rotation System Under No Tillage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(11): 2136-2152.

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