灌溉方式对寒地水稻产量及籽粒灌浆的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.22.010

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】This paper discusses the influences of irrigation regimes on the tiller dynamics, dry matter accumulation, and grain-filling characteristics of rice in cold regions to deepen our understanding of the regulation of the grain-filling process. This study provides a theoretical basis for guiding the high yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice.【Method】Kendao 24 and Kongyu 131 (two rice cultivars widely planted in northeastern China) were planted in the field with three types of irrigation regimes, namely, heavy irrigation with alternating wetting and drying (W₁), light irrigation with alternating wetting and drying (W₂), and irrigation with shallow water (W₃). The influences of such irrigation regimes on the yield and grain filling of rice in cold regions were analyzed. 【Result】The irrigation treatments caused significant effects on the number of stem and tiller, percentage of earbearing tiller, dry matter accumulation, dry matter transmission in the stem-sheath after heading sprouting, grain-filling properties, and yield and its components. W₂ and W₁ treatments effectively controlled the ineffective tillering, increased the seed setting rate, reduced the height of the plant, and decreased the lengths of the third and fourth internodes from the top. Under W₂ treatment, the percentage of earbearing tiller increased, the dry matter accumulation and transport capability was enhanced, and the 1000-grain weight increased significantly. The filling characteristics showed that the relationship between the fresh weight of grain and the days after anthesis was a quadratic curve relation under different irrigation regimes. The simulation effect of Kendao 24 was better than that of Kongyu 131, and the maximum grain fresh weight of W₂ treatment was the largest in the two varieties. W₂ treatment had a large grain-filling rate, which showed a single peak curve, and an early rapid growth; it also started filling early and reached the maximum grain-filling rate immediately. Grain dry weight can be analyzed by the Richards equation. The correlation coefficient ranged from 0.9940 to 0.9995. The high final weight of a kernel (A), initial grain-filling potential (R₀), high maximum grain-filling rate (G_max), and mean grain-filling rate (G_mean) of W₂ treatment were the highest. Between the two varieties, Kongyu 131 presented a shorter time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (T_max) value than Kendao 24. However, the G_max and G_meanvalues of Kendao 24 were higher than those of Kongyu 131. In terms of production, the processing actual output of W₂ treatment increased by 13.91% to 28.26% and by 5.31 to 9.95% in 2012 compared with those of W₁ and W₃ treatments, respectively. However, the actual output of W₂ treatment increased only by 22.05% to 25.67% and by 5.15% to 7.70% in 2013 compared with those of W₁ and W₃ treatments, respectively. Therefore, the yield increasing way of W₂ treatment was achieved by the reasonable allocation of plant agronomic traits, high dry matter accumulation capability and proportion, strong stem and sheath dry matter transport capacity, and formation of high-quality population. High final weight of a kerne (A) and initial grain-filling potential (R₀) increased, the T_max value was shortened, the G_max value and the G_mean value were increased. The effect of the secondary rachis branch was greater than that of the primary rachis branch, which significantly increased the secondary branch grain number and yield, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, and seed setting rate, thereby causing a high grain yield.【Conclusion】Irrigation regimes had a great effect on the yield formation and regulation of the grain-filling process of rice in cold regions. Regarding production, W₂ treatment was more suitable to be applied to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of rice in cold regions, whereas W₁ and W₃ treatments were not conducive to the increase in rice yield in cold regions.

Key words: irrigation regimes, rice in cold region, yield, dry matter accumulation, grain-filling properties

ZHAO Li-ming, LI Ming, ZHENG Dian-feng, GU Chun-mei, NA Yong-guang, XIE Bao-sheng. Effects of Irrigation Regimes on Yield and Grain Filling of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) in Cold Region[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(22): 4493-4506.

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