植物营养与肥料研究的回顾与展望

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.17.014

Abstract

Abstract: This article reviewed the major achievements and influential events in plant nutrition and fertilizer since 1840. In plant nutrition physiology and biology fields, the essential plant nutrition elements, the process of nutrient absorption and translocation, the nutrient transfer and re-utilization, the role of mycorrhizal in plant nutrition, and plant nutrition and disease resistance were reviewed. In nutrition diagnosis field, available nutrient elements extraction and determination in chemical diagnosis, and spectrum diagnosis were reviewed. In the fertilization technology field, the fertilization models including nutrient classification model, fertilizer effecting function model, nutrients balance model and DRIS method were reviewed. The article also described the development of precision fertilization and irrigation technology. The pollutions caused by fertilization, including greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater pollution and surface water pollution were summarized. This article also introduced current main fertilizer products and fertilizer resources worldwide. In this article, it was pointed out that first, the key to solve fertilizer related problems is to improve fertilizer use efficiency. Secondly, to solve the problem of excessive fertilization on vegetables, new and improved theory and technology on vegetable fertilization are needed. Thirdly, the selection of nutrient efficiency gene should have to be taken place at common nutrient conditions in field. Fourthly, new fertilization technology is an important step to improve the fertilizer efficiency. Lastly, fertilizer industry development needs to be based on currently available fertilizer resources. The development of plant nutrition and fertilizer science is closely related to the population, resources and environmental problems that the people are facing. Fertilizer secures food security, but at the same time causes tremendous pressure to the environment. “Get more food with scientific use of fertilizer” is the direction of plant nutrition and fertilizer research in the future.

Key words: plant nutrition, fertilizer, plant nutrition physiology, nutrition diagnosis, fertilization technology

BAI You-lu. Review on Research in Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(17): 3477-3492.

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