黄淮小麦农艺性状进化及对产量性状调控机理的分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.018

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 The impact of climate change on wheat production has been received wide attention, and wheat breeding must be reoriented under climate change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the agronomic traits evolution of wheat evolution materials in Huang-Huai Plain and the mechanism controlling the yield traits, and to provide a theoretical basis for wheat adapting to the climate change and high yield breeding goal in future.【Method】The evolutionary trend of 12 agronomic characters among 30 different ploidy wheat evolution materials was analyzed. Meanwhile, correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, etc. were conducted to discuss the regulation pattern that agronomic traits controlling the yield traits in wheat breeding process.【Result】The results of analysis of the evolution tendency of agronomic traits and multiple statistical analysis were obtained as follows: ① The growing period, heading stage, plant height and spike number per plant tended to reduce, but the percentage of reproductive stage in the whole growing period, harvest index, 1000-grain weight and grain weight per plant tended to increase at different levels in wheat evolution; ② Correlation analysis showed that grain weight per plant has a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the percentage of reproductive stage in the whole growing period, kernels per spike, 1000-grain weight, harvest index and biological yield per plant, but has an extremely significant negative correlation with heading stage, growth period and spike number per plant.; ③ Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the determination coefficient of three factors including harvest index, biological yield per plant and growth period selected by multiple linear regression analysis to grain weight per plant was 0.960; ④ Path analysis showed that the biggest direct contribution to grain weight per plant was harvest index among 11 agronomic traits, and followed by biological yield per plant, kernels per spike, spike length, spike number per plant, spikelet number per spike, the percentage of reproductive stage in the whole growing period, heading stage, plant height, 1000-grain weight and growth period, but the biggest direct positive effects on grain weight per plant were harvest index, biological yield per plant and kernels per spike; ⑤ The result of principle components analysis showed that the 3 principal components of the cumulative contribution rate reached 81.873%, and the main information of all traits have been covered; ⑥ According to cluster analysis of comprehensive value and comparing characteristics of agronomic traits, 30 wheat materials have been divided into five types as follows early mature-dwarf-low yield, late maturing-high stalk-low yield, late maturing-high stalk-middle yield, early mature-dwarf-middle yield and early mature-dwarf-high yield. 【Conclusion】 The evolution tendency of wheat materials was obtained by multiple statistics. The results indicate that harvest index, biological yield per plant and kernels per spike has an obvious positive effect on grain weight per plant, but growth period has a negative effect on grain weight per plant in wheat evolution from diploid to tetraploid then to hexaploid. That is the result of natural selection and artificial high yield selection under the background of global climate warming.

Key words: Huang-Huai Plain , wheat , agronomic traits , evolution , climate change

ZHANG Li-Ying-1, 2 , ZHANG Zheng-Bin-1, XU Ping-1, WEI Yun-Zong-3, LIU Xin-Jiang-4. Evolution of Agronomic Traits of Wheat and Analysis of the Mechanism of Agronomic Traits Controlling the Yield Traits in the Huang-Huai Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(5): 1013-1028.

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