基于文本量化的中国农业面源污染治理政策演进特征分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.07.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Based on the 365 agricultural non-point source pollution control policies promulgated by national departments from 1978 to 2018, the evolution characteristics of the policies were analyzed, and the administrative regulation, economic incentives and technical support measures of the policies were highlight to investigate. 【Method】 This paper used policy literature measurement and content analysis methods to quantify the text content of agricultural non-point source pollution control policy. 【Result】 The number of agricultural non-point source pollution policies was significantly less before 1992 in China. The period from 1993 to 2010 was the initial formation stage of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies, while the period from 2011 to 2018 was the deepening development stage of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies, the number of governance policies implemented has grown rapidly, and the number of policies implemented in 2017 reached 40. Agricultural non-point source pollution control policies were issued in the form of highly authoritative “laws” and “regulations” types of policy documents, as well as highly instructive “details” “interpretations” and “catalogs”. The issuers of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies included 31 entities, such as the “National People's Congress” “Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs”, and “Ministry of Ecology and Environment”. There were 305 policies independently promulgated by policy issuers, and 60 policies jointly promulgated by various issuers. The individual citation of administrative regulatory measures accounted for 23.56% of the 365 policies, while the individual citations of technical support measures and economic incentive measures accounted for 8.22% and 6.03% of the 365 policies, respectively. Among the 365 policies from 1978 to 2018, the number of policies using three kinds of measures in coordination accounted for the highest proportion, which was 38.08%. The proportion of coordination between administrative regulation and technical support measures was 13.70%, while the proportion of coordination between administrative regulation and economic incentive measures was 6.85%. The proportion of economic incentive and technical support measures was 3.56%. In the 2011 policy document, 70.83% of the policies were combined with the three types of measures, compared with only 0 in 1978 and 33.33% in 2000. After 2000, the average value of administrative regulation measures effectiveness increased in a steady fluctuation, and the effectiveness value maintained between 2.5 and 3.5. The average effectiveness of economic incentive measures continued to fluctuate, and the upward trend was not obvious. In recent years, the effectiveness has declined, with the value of 3.2 in 2011 and 1.8 in 2018. The effectiveness of technical support measures has shown a significant upward trend at this stage, with the value of 3.2 in 2012 and 3.8 in 2018. 【Conclusion】 From 1978 to 2018, the number of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies in China has shown a trend of phased fluctuations; the form and issuers of policy were diversified. Among three measures in the policies, the administrative regulations were the most frequently used, while the economic incentives measures were the least. The overall effectiveness of policies showed a trend of rise while the average effectiveness was a smooth phase fluctuation. The average effectiveness of the three types measures in the policies all showed large fluctuations in the early stage. At this stage, in addition to economic incentive measures, both the effectiveness of administrative regulations and technical support measures are significant upward trend.

Key words: agricultural non-point source pollution, policy evolution characteristics, bibliometrics, content analysis

HUA ChunLin,ZHANG JiuHong,JIN ShuQin. Analysis to Evolution Characteristics of Policies for Controlling Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China: Based on Text Quantification[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(7): 1385-1398.

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Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Statistics on the number of independent and jointly promulgated policies issued by the issuing subjects of agricultural non-point source pollution control policies"

发布主体名称 The name of the policy issuer	独立颁布政策数量 Number of separately issued policies	联合颁布政策数量 Number of jointly issued policies
全国人民代表大会The National People's Congress（NPC）	5	0
全国人大常委会Standing Committee of the NPC	25	0
中共中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China	1	17
最高人民法院Supreme People's Court	7	0
最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate	1	1
国务院State Council	60	14
国务院办公厅Office of the State Council	12	3
国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission	14	15
国家质量监督检验检疫总局General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine	9	0
国家能源局National Energy Administration	0	1
国家市场监督管理总局State Administration for Market Regulation	2	0
国家工商行政管理总局State Administration for Industry and Commerce	0	1
国家税务总局State Taxation Administration	0	2
国家林业和草原局State Forestry and Grassland Administration	1	5
国家农业综合开发办公室National Agricultural Development Office	1	0
农业农村部Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs	126	21
科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology	6	7
生态环境部Ministry of Ecology and Environment	13	18
财政部Ministry of Finance	3	21
公安部Ministry of Public Security	0	2
住房和城乡建设部Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development	1	5
工业和信息化部Ministry of Industry and Information Technology	2	1
水利部Ministry of Water Resources	5	3
卫生部Ministry of Health	2	1
商务部Ministry of Commerce	1	5
海关总署General Administration of Customs	2	1
全国供销合作总社Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperative	4	1
全国爱国卫生运动委员会National Patriotic Health Campaign Committee	2	0
中国农业银行Agricultural Bank of China	0	1
中国银行保监会China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission	0	1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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措施分类 Classification of measures	措施示例 Examples of measures
行政规制型 Administrative regulation	制定排污标准、编制研究报告、划分责任任务、开展试点项目 Formulate pollution discharge standards, prepare research reports, divide responsibility tasks, and carry out pilot projects
经济激励型 Economic incentive	财政奖励、购买补贴、税收优惠、多方资金投入、环境罚款 Financial incentives, purchase subsidies, tax incentives, multi-party capital investment, environmental fines
技术支持型 Technical support	使用环保设备、建设环保设施、开展技术项目、污染点监测、数据管理 Use environmental protection equipment, construct environmental protection facilities, carry out technical projects, pollution point monitoring, data management

Analysis to Evolution Characteristics of Policies for Controlling Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in China: Based on Text Quantification

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政策形式 Policy type	政策数量 Number of policies	独立颁布数量 Number of separately issued policies	联合颁布数量 Number of jointly issued policies
法律 Law	20	20	0
条例 Regulation	27	27	0
规定 Stipulate	23	20	3
决定 Decide	13	13	0
意见 Opinion	72	49	23
办法 Method	66	56	10
方案 Program	33	28	5
细则 Rule	9	8	1
指南 Guide	9	7	2
规划 Plan	34	29	5
通知 Notice	51	44	7
解释 Explanation	2	0	2
目录 Catalog	6	4	2

[1]	GONG ShiFei,DING WuHan,JU XueHai,XIAO NengWu,YE QingSong,HUANG Jin,LI Hu. Source Analysis and Control Strategies of Non-Point Source Pollution in Typical Agricultural Small Watershed: A Case Study of Danjiangkou Water Conservation Area [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(18): 3919-3931.
[2]	LI Xin,ZHANG WenJu,WU Lei,REN Yi,ZHANG JunDa,XU MingGang. Advance in Indicator Screening and Methodologies of Soil Quality Evaluation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 3043-3056.
[3]	JIN ShuQin, XING XiaoXu. Trend Analysis, Policy Evaluation, and Recommendations of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(3): 593-600.
[4]	HU Yun-yun, WANG Yong-dong, LI Ting-xuan, ZHENG Zi-cheng, PU Yong. Characteristics Analysis of Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution on Tuojiang River Basin [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18): 3654-3665.
[5]	YANG Shu-jing,ZHANG Ai-ping,YANG Zheng-li,YANG Shi-qi. Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in Ningxia Irrigation District and Preliminary Study of Load Estimation Methods [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2009, 42(11): 3947-3955 .
[6]	,,,. Detection of Predation on Bemisia tabaci by Using SCAR Markers [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(06): 1167-1173 .