氮磷钾运筹模式对北疆滴灌棉花生长发育和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.16.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify the response of reduced nitrogen (N) application with different phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) managements (PK-M) on drip-irrigated cotton growth, dry matter accumulation and yield formation in Northern Xinjiang, so as to provide a theroe base for reduced N application with cost saving. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted by using Lumianyan 24 under four N application rates (506, 402.5, 299 and 195.5 kg·hm^-2 designated as N1, N2, N3 and N4, respectively), and four different PK-Ms during squaring stage and bloom-bolling stage (100%+0, 25%+75%, 50%+50% and 75%+25% designated as PK-M1, PK-M2, PK-M3 and PK-M4, respectively). The leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and distribution, reproductive organs dynamic changes and yield were assayed during experiment period. 【Result】Under the same PK-M treatment, the K’ value of LAI’s Logistic model showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the decrease of nitrogen application rate; the K’ value under N3 was 5.1%-16.5% higher than that under N2, and which in the fast accumulation period in initiated (t₁) and terminated (t₂) days were the latest under N3; which in the duration of fast accumulation period (T) was the longest, and N3 was 2-12 days longer than N2. The growth characteristic value (GT) under N3 was the highest, followed by N2, and N3 was 5.2%-16.7% higher than that under N2. The dry matter accumulation in the early growth period was N1>N2>N3>N4 treatment, and in the late period was N2>N1>N3>N4 treatment. The number of reproductive organs was N2>N3>N1>N4 treatment during the growth period. The relative yield value under N2 was the highest, followed by N3 treatment, which under N2 was 3.6%-6.5% higher than that under N3. Under the same N application rate, the K’ value of LAI logistic model under PK-M3 was the highest and PK-M1 was the lowest, and PK-M3 was 20.5%-27.4% higher than PK-M1; the fast accumulation period in initiated (t1) (except in 2019) and terminated (t₂) days were both the latest under PK-M3. The growth characteristic value (GT) under PK-M3 was the highest, followed by PK-M2, and PK-M3 was 13.0-24.5% higher than PK-M2. The dry matter accumulation in the growth period was PK-M2>PK-M3>PK-M4>PK-M1 treatment, and it was PK-M3>PK-M2>PK-M4>PK-M1 treatment in the late growth period; the number of squares and bolls in the early growth period was PK-M4>PK-M3>PK-M1>PK-M2 treatment, while it was PK-M3>PK-M2>PK-M4>PK-M1 treatment in the late growth period; the relative yield value was the highest in PK-M3, which was 5.2%-18.2% higher than PK-Ms. Among all the treatments, the K’ value and GT value of the LAI Logistic model under N3PK-M3 was the largest, and T was the longest. The plant dry matter, relative yield value and the number of squares and bolls in the late period were second only to N2PK-M3, and the reproductive organs dry distribution ratio was higher than other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that LAI had a significant positive correlation with reproductive organ dry matter, plant dry matter and relative yield value at the late growth period, however, the number of reproductive organs, plant dry matter and reproductive organs were significant positive correlation with relative yield throughout the growth period. Among all treatments, the yield under N2PK-M3was the highest, followed by N3PK-M3, and the relative yield value in N3PK-M3 treatment was 1.5% lower than N2PK-M3 without significant difference. 【Conclusion】The N3PK-M3 could obtain higher yield by reducing 25% N application compared with the conventional N application rate of farmers, which might due to delaying the peak of LAI at the later growth period, delaying the decline rate of LAI, increasing the dry matter production capacity of cotton population, improving cotton production capacity of dry matter, promoting assimilates transfer to reproductive organs, and reducing the shedding of squares and bolls, which provided the material basis for the formation of cotton yield.

Key words: cotton, reduced application of nitrogen, operation of phosphorus and potassium, yield, leaf area index (LAI), drip-irrigation, Northern Xinjiang

WEN Ming, LI MingHua, JIANG JiaLe, MA XueHua, LI RongWang, ZHAO WenQing, CUI Jing, LIU Yang, MA FuYu. Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Drip-Irrigated Cotton Growth and Yield in Northern Xinjiang[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(16): 3473-3487.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Coupling effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on dynamic changes of reproductive organs (2018)"

氮素处理 N treatment	磷钾处理 PK treatment	播种后58 d 58 days after sowing	播种后78 d 78 days after sowing			播种后99 d 99 days after sowing			播种后109 d 109 days after sowing
氮素处理 N treatment	磷钾处理 PK treatment	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	花数Bloom (×10³·hm^-2)	铃数Boll (×10³·hm^-2)	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	花数Bloom (×10³·hm^-2)	铃数Boll (×10³·hm^-2)	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	花数Bloom (×10³·hm^-2)	铃数Boll (×10³·hm^-2)
N1	PK-M1	807.79bcd	1352.58bcde	272.95efgh	383.45cd	117.14hi	44.20abc	1429.93cd	113.82fgh	-	1137.10bc
	PK-M2	592.31e	1319.43cde	219.90gh	334.83fg	218.80ef	118.24ab	1605.64bcd	213.27d	7.74a	1285.17ab
	PK-M3	858.62abc	1406.73bcd	356.93cdef	398.92bcd	281.79cd	36.47bc	1769.19bc	274.05c	7.74a	1326.06ab
	PK-M4	876.30abc	1474.14abc	404.45bcd	419.92abc	135.92ghi	51.94abc	1548.18bcd	131.50efg	-	1228.82bc
N2	PK-M1	868.57abc	1467.51abcd	358.04cdef	397.82bcd	159.13gh	88.40abc	1540.44bcd	154.71ef	14.37a	1194.56bc
	PK-M2	797.85bcd	1418.88bcd	296.15defgh	348.09ef	394.50b	74.04abc	1858.69ab	383.45b	14.37a	1389.05ab
	PK-M3	908.35ab	1490.71abc	423.23bc	418.81abc	561.37a	51.94abc	2091.86a	544.79a	14.37a	1553.70a
	PK-M4	949.24a	1617.79a	614.41a	436.49a	235.38de	132.61a	1636.58bcd	228.75d	22.10a	1312.80ab
N3	PK-M1	836.52abcd	1419.99bcd	311.62defg	391.19bcd	132.61ghi	66.30abc	1499.55bcd	129.29efg	7.74a	1183.51bc
	PK-M2	740.38d	1383.52bcde	257.48fgh	342.57efg	236.48de	22.10c	1650.94bcd	229.85d	14.37a	1297.33ab
	PK-M3	877.41abc	1433.25abcd	392.29bcd	404.45abcd	302.78c	96.14abc	1859.80ab	293.94c	-	1417.78ab
	PK-M4	900.62ab	1519.44ab	478.49b	424.34ab	159.13gh	80.67abc	1580.22bcd	154.71ef	14.37a	1264.18b
N4	PK-M1	761.38cd	1274.12de	265.21fgh	373.51de	64.09j	66.30abc	1289.59d	62.99i	14.37a	972.44c
	PK-M2	438.70f	1196.77e	190.07h	309.41g	104.98ij	58.57abc	1565.86bcd	101.66ghj	-	1258.65bc
	PK-M3	804.48bcd	1313.90cde	296.15defgh	392.29bcd	174.60fg	88.40abc	1720.56bc	169.07e	7.74a	1305.06ab
	PK-M4	832.10bcd	1362.53bcde	379.03bcde	414.39abc	83.98ij	58.57abc	1524.97bcd	81.77hi	7.74a	1173.56bc
N		18.00**	9.80**	13.72**	4.52**	137.90**	0.68	3.63*	169.52**	1.20	3.43*
PK-M		40.27**	5.75**	35.04**	48.36**	135.14**	0.28	9.45**	166.13**	0.09	7.72**
N×PK-M		2.79**	0.11	0.97	0.19	12.84**	1.78	0.27	15.78**	0.02	0.27

Table 3

Table 4

Coupling effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on dynamic changes of reproductive organs (2019)"

氮素处理 N treatment	磷钾处理 PK treatment	播种后65 d 65 days after sowing	播种后88 d 88 days after sowing			播种后107 d 107 days after sowing			播种后120 d 120 days after sowing
氮素处理 N treatment	磷钾处理 PK treatment	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	花数Bloom (×10³·hm^-2)	铃数Boll (×10³·hm^-2)	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	花数Bloom (×10³·hm^-2)	铃数Boll (×10³·hm^-2)	蕾数Square (×10³·hm^-2)	花数Bloom (×10³·hm^-2)	铃数Boll (×10³·hm^-2)
N1	PK-M1	1261.98defg	3251.26bcd	150.55fgh	231.36ef	150.55f	68.63ij	1505.52de	22.14a	58.67ab	1432.46cd
	PK-M2	1151.28fg	2967.87cd	344.28ij	106.27h	344.28cd	224.72efg	1750.17abcd	-	-	1608.47bcd
	PK-M3	1436.89bcdef	3450.52abcd	410.70defgh	273.43de	410.70bc	357.56cd	1927.29abc	-	14.39b	1772.31abc
	PK-M4	1596.29abc	3722.84abc	238.01bcd	349.81bc	238.01ef	159.41fghij	1626.18bcde	14.39a	58.67ab	1550.91bcd
N2	PK-M1	1413.64bcdef	3497.01abcd	231.36cde	292.25cde	231.36ef	174.91efghi	1588.55cde	7.75a	22.14ab	1543.16bcd
	PK-M2	1273.05cdefg	3359.75abcd	448.34defgh	251.29ef	448.34b	448.34bc	1808.84abcd	74.17a	44.28ab	1861.97ab
	PK-M3	1566.41abcd	3688.52abc	599.99bc	326.57bcd	599.99a	607.74a	2090.02a	-	-	2095.55a
	PK-M4	1856.44a	4057.16a	273.43a	432.84a	273.43de	273.43de	1710.32bcde	-	14.39	1639.47bcd
N3	PK-M1	1341.68cdefg	3321.00abcd	195.94defgh	254.61ef	195.94ef	106.27hij	1535.41de	-	96.31a	1502.20bcd
	PK-M2	1197.77efg	3170.45bcd	378.59hij	193.73fg	378.59bc	281.18de	1771.20abcd	7.75a	-	1653.86bcd
	PK-M3	1509.95bcde	3582.25abc	468.26cdef	296.68cde	468.26b	501.47b	1966.03ab	7.75a	66.42ab	1863.08ab
	PK-M4	1699.25ab	3929.85ab	245.75b	371.95ab	245.75ef	182.66efgh	1670.46bcde	88.56a	14.39b	1583.01bcd
N4	PK-M1	1216.59efg	3073.03cd	47.60hij	101.84h	47.60g	53.14j	1376.00e	52.03a	22.14ab	1291.87d
	PK-M2	1026.19g	2781.89d	273.43j	76.38h	273.43de	198.15efgh	1718.06bcde	29.89a	52.03ab	1568.62bcd
	PK-M3	1322.87cdefg	3271.19bcd	378.59efgh	111.81h	378.59bc	257.93def	1838.73abcd	66.42a	14.39b	1723.60bc
	PK-M4	1524.34bcde	3511.40abcd	192.62cdefg	137.27gh	192.62ef	129.52ghij	1588.55cde	80.81a	14.39b	1527.66bcd
N		4.82**	3.42*	28.94**	78.79**	19.85**	30.66**	1.75	1.27	0.80	3.63**
PK-M		19.19**	7.59**	41.76**	42.40**	76.07**	69.69**	12.90**	0.48	1.18	9.45**
N×PK-M		0.10	0.04	0.71	2.64**	1.13	2.23**	0.10	0.75	1.81	0.27

Table 4

Fig. 4

Table 5

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时间 Time		次序 Order	N1	N2	N3	N4	PK-M1		PK-M2		PK-M3		PK-M4
时间 Time		次序 Order	N1	N2	N3	N4	P	K	P	K	P	K	P	K
2018	6月20日	1	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	50.00	50.00	12.50	12.50	25.00	25.00	37.50	37.50
	7月3日	2	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	50.00	50.00	12.50	12.50	25.00	25.00	37.50	37.50
	7月13日	3	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	7月20日	4	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	7月30日	5	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	8月8日	6	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	8月17日	7	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	8月24日	8	12.50	12.50	12.50	12.50	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	合计 Total		100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
2019	6月14日	1	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	33.33	33.33	8.33	8.33	16.67	16.67	25.00	25.00
	6月22日	2	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	33.33	33.33	8.33	8.33	16.67	16.67	25.00	25.00
	6月30日	3	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	33.33	33.33	8.33	8.33	16.67	16.67	25.00	25.00
	7月9日	4	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	7月18日	5	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	7月25日	6	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	8月3日	7	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	8月12日	8	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	8月18日	9	11.11	11.11	11.11	11.11	-	-	12.50	12.50	8.33	8.33	4.17	4.17
	合计 Total		100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100

	相对产量 Relative yield
	2018年播种后天数 Days after sowing in 2018 (d)					2019 年播种后天数 Days after sowing in 2019 (d)
	58	78	99	109	119	65	88	107	120	156
叶面积指数 Leaf area index	0.41	0.46	0.50^*	0.80^**	0.91^**	0.4	0.42	0.45	0.81^**	0.62^**
蕾数 Square number	0.45	0.67^**	0.85^**	0.85^**	-	0.42	0.50^*	0.81^**	-0.37	-
花数 Bloom number	-	0.48	0.22	0.39	-	-	0.81^**	0.84^**	-0.13	-
铃数 Boll number	-	0.25	0.80^**	0.81^**	-	-	0.64^**	0.76^**	0.83^**	-
生殖器官个数 Reproductive organ number	0.45	0.55^*	0.84^**	0.86^**	-	0.42	0.73^**	0.81^**	0.78^**	-
生殖器官干物质 Dry matter of reproductive organs	0.88^**	0.85^**	0.91^**	0.97^**	0.91^**	0.87^**	0.81^**	0.86^**	0.89^**	0.82^**
叶片干物质 Leaf dry matter	0.43	0.43	0.44	0.3	0.34	0.64^**	0.46	0.50^*	0.51^*	0.49^*
茎秆干物质 Stem dry matter	0.53^*	0.41	0.4	0.38	0.42	0.58^*	0.48^*	0.45	0.64^**	0.48
干物质总量 Aboveground dry matter	0.55^*	0.53^*	0.65^**	0.79^**	0.78^**	0.62^**	0.59^*	0.76^**	0.82^**	0.83^**

Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Drip-Irrigated Cotton Growth and Yield in Northern Xinjiang

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处理 Treatment		2018						2019
处理 Treatment		K’ (m²·m^-2)	t₁ (d)	t₂ (d)	V_max (m²·m^-2·d^-1)	T (d)	GT	K’ (m²·m^-2)	t₁(d)	t₂ (d)	V_max (m²·m^-2·d^-1)	T (d)	GT
N1	PK-M1	3.38	60	76	0.14	16	2.23	3.33	54	83	0.08	29	2.19
	PK-M2	3.90	58	73	0.17	15	2.57	4.03	56	72	0.16	17	2.66
	PK-M3	4.04	59	78	0.15	18	2.66	4.07	51	84	0.08	34	2.68
	PK-M4	3.61	60	76	0.15	16	2.38	3.66	53	82	0.08	29	2.41
	Average	3.73	59	76	0.15	16	2.46	3.77	53	80	0.10	27	2.49
N2	PK-M1	3.50	61	79	0.12	19	2.31	3.55	54	92	0.06	38	2.34
	PK-M2	4.01	59	77	0.15	18	2.64	4.00	53	78	0.11	25	2.63
	PK-M3	4.23	60	82	0.13	22	2.78	4.25	50	91	0.07	42	2.80
	PK-M4	3.75	61	79	0.13	19	2.47	3.74	53	88	0.07	35	2.46
	Average	3.87	60	79	0.13	19	2.55	3.89	52	87	0.08	35	2.56
N3	PK-M1	3.65	61	82	0.12	21	2.41	4.18	56	110	0.05	53	2.76
	PK-M2	4.18	61	80	0.14	19	2.75	4.28	54	86	0.09	33	2.82
	PK-M3	4.52	62	86	0.12	24	2.98	5.31	58	111	0.07	53	3.50
	PK-M4	3.93	61	82	0.13	20	2.59	4.34	53	104	0.06	50	2.86
	Average	4.07	62	83	0.13	21	2.68	4.53	55	103	0.07	47	2.99
N4	PK-M1	3.11	61	79	0.12	18	2.05	2.74	54	82	0.06	28	1.80
	PK-M2	3.55	60	76	0.14	16	2.34	3.78	55	80	0.10	25	2.49
	PK-M3	3.65	62	79	0.14	17	2.40	3.95	54	91	0.07	37	2.60
	PK-M4	3.33	60	78	0.13	17	2.19	3.38	54	87	0.07	33	2.23
	Average	3.41	61	78	0.13	17	2.25	3.46	54	85	0.08	31	2.28

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