锌与尿素结合对锌有效性及尿素转化的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.16.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The interaction mechanism of nitrogen and zinc was explored by investigating the effects of zinc combined with urea in different ways on the zinc availability and the urea conversion in soil, so as to provide a scientific basis for the scientific compatibility of zinc and urea and the high-efficiency utilization of nutrients.【Method】0.5 and 5 parts by weight of zinc sulfate heptahydrate were combined with 99.5 and 95 parts by weight of urea by the physical mixing process (U+Zn) and the melt mixing process (UZn), respectively, to prepare zinc-containing urea test products: U+Zn0.5, U+Zn5, UZn0.5 and UZn5. The soil culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of zinc combined with urea in different ways on soil available zinc content, soil amide nitrogen content, soil NO₃-N and NH₄⁺-N content, and soil urease activity. Subsequently, the inherent mechanism was revealed by combining the structure of zinc-containing urea investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There were eight treatments arranged: ①CK (control), without any fertilizer; ②U, applied with common urea; ③Zn0.5, applied with ZnSO₄·7H₂O; ④Zn5, applied with ZnSO₄·7H₂O; ⑤U+Zn0.5, applied with zinc-containing urea U+Zn0.5; ⑥U+Zn5, applied with zinc-containing urea U+Zn5; ⑦UZn0.5, applied with zinc-containing urea UZn0.5; ⑧UZn5, applied with zinc-containing urea UZn5. Wherein, the same amount of nitrogen was applied for the treatments of ②, ⑤, ⑥, ⑦ and ⑧, the same amount of zinc for treatments of ③, ⑤ and ⑦, and the amount of zinc for treatments of ④, ⑥ and ⑧.【Result】(1) Compared with single application of zinc fertilizer, zinc combined with urea increased the available zinc content of the soil, and the zinc-containing urea prepared by the melt mixing process had a better performance than that prepared by physical mixing process. At the 0.5% level, zinc combined with urea increased the available zinc content by 17.3% on average compared with zinc fertilizer applied alone, and the available zinc content under UZn0.5 treatment was higher than that under U+Zn0.5 treatment by 10.9%. At the 5% level, zinc combined with urea increased the available zinc content by 13.1% on average compared with zinc fertilizer applied alone, and the available zinc content under UZn5 treatment was higher than that under U+Zn5 treatment by 12.7%. The fixation rate of zinc under UZn0.5 treatment was lower than that under UZn5 treatment by 23.93 percentage points. (2) Compared with common urea, all of the zinc-containing urea slowed down the hydrolysis of urea. Among them, the zinc-containing urea prepared by the melt process showed a slower hydrolysis of urea than that prepared by the physically mixing. The difference was significant between the treatment of UZn0.5 and U+Zn0.5 (P<0.05). (3) The combination of zinc and urea increased soil NH₄⁺-N content at the later stage of cultivation, and the most significant increase happened under UZn0.5 treatment. Compared with common urea, U+Zn5, UZn0.5 and UZn5 significantly increased the soil NO₃-N content at the later stage of cultivation, and the increase rate under UZn0.5 treatment was significantly higher than that under UZn5 treatment. (4) Zinc-containing urea prepared by the melt mixing process could increase the soil mineral nitrogen content at the later stage of cultivation. Compared with U, the soil mineral nitrogen content under the treatment of UZn0.5 and UZn5 was increased by 7.6% and 1.9%, respectively. The soil mineral nitrogen content under UZn0.5 treatment was significantly higher than that under UZn5 by 5.6% (P<0.05). (5) Combination of zinc and urea could inhibit soil urease activity at the early stage of cultivation, and the zinc-containing urea prepared by the melt mixing process showed a stronger inhibitory effect than that prepared by the physically mixing. The zinc-containing urea prepared by the melt mixing process showed a higher soil urease activity at the later stage of cultivation, and there was a better performance under UZn0.5 treatment than that under UZn5 treatment.【Conclusion】The combination of zinc and urea could reduce the zinc fixation and increase the zinc availability in soil. The effect of zinc combined with urea by the melt process was better than that by the physically mixing. Meanwhile, the combination of zinc and urea could delay the hydrolysis of urea, and increase the mineral nitrogen content at the later stage of cultivation. 0.5% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate combined with urea by the melt process showed the best performance. Therefore, there would a popular prospect for the prepared by 0.5% of zinc sulfate heptahydrate combined with urea by the melt process.

Key words: zinc-containing urea, physical mixing, melt mixing, zinc availability, urea conversion

ZHAO LiFang, YUAN Liang, ZHANG ShuiQin, ZHAO BingQiang, LIN ZhiAn, LI YanTing. Effects of Zinc Combined with Urea on Zinc Availability and Urea Conversion[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(16): 3461-3472.

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References 43

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肥料代号 Code of fertilizer	七水硫酸锌添加量 Amount of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (%)	氮含量 Nitrogen content (N, %)	水溶性锌含量 Water-soluble zinc content (Zn²⁺, %)	pH
U	0	45.47	/	7.27
U+Zn0.5	0.5	45.91	0.12	6.29
U+Zn5	5	43.90	1.33	5.53
UZn0.5	0.5	45.81	0.12	6.26
UZn5	5	44.79	1.35	5.54

处理 Treatment	培养时间 Incubation time (d)								平均 Mean	固定率 Fixed rate (Zn, %)
处理 Treatment	0.25	0.5	1	2	3	5	7	14	平均 Mean	固定率 Fixed rate (Zn, %)
CK	0.84f	0.89ef	0.70e	1.04e	0.71d	0.79d	1.34c	1.25c	0.95	/
U	0.79f	0.78f	0.89de	1.04de	0.73d	0.94cd	1.29c	1.24c	0.96	/
Zn0.5	1.15de	1.03de	0.93de	1.09de	1.04cd	1.05cd	1.44c	1.33c	1.13	71.15
Zn5	3.54c	3.69b	3.70b	2.80b	2.87a	2.96b	3.05b	3.17b	3.22	64.30
U+Zn0.5	1.04e	1.08d	1.17cd	1.44cd	1.39bc	1.16cd	1.43c	1.37c	1.26	51.54
U+Zn5	4.06b	3.74b	3.74b	3.48b	3.19a	3.00ab	3.01b	3.19b	3.43	61.11
UZn0.5	1.20d	1.39c	1.30c	1.46c	1.63b	1.28b	1.49c	1.43c	1.40	30.38
UZn5	4.26a	4.32a	4.64a	3.62a	3.29a	3.39a	3.61a	3.75a	3.86	54.31

Effects of Zinc Combined with Urea on Zinc Availability and Urea Conversion

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