河北省大豆主要病原真菌鉴定及防治药剂筛选

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.006

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to identify the fungal pathogens causing the main diseases of soybean plants in Hebei Province, screen the fungicides which can effectively inhibit the identified pathogens, and to provide a basis for chemical control of soybean disease in Hebei Province.【Method】The main pathogens of soybean collected from Hebei Province were isolated and purified according to the disease symptom. The morphology of colony, mycelium and spore was observed and identified by using 3D ultra depth of field digital microscope and Olympus Microscope. The rDNA-ITS regions of five pathogenic strains were amplified by PCR and sequenced by universal primers ITS1-ITS4. Neighbor-joining method of software MEGA 7.0 was used to construct phylogenetic trees and analyze the relationship among different pathogens. The pathogens with specific primer sequences were identified and verified. The main pathogen kinds of soybean plants in Hebei Province were identified by the combination of macromorphology, microscopic characteristics and molecular biology techniques. The method of mycelium growth rate and the control effects of different fungicides on the major diseases in vitro leaves or young stems of soybean were used to screen the fungicides.【Result】Based on the analysis of macromorphology, microstructure and sequence, the pathogens isolated from the main soybean producing areas in Hebei Province were Fusarium equiseti, Colletotrichum chlorophyti, Phoma herbarum, Alternaria alternata and Exserohilum rostratum. The corresponding diseases were soybean root rot, anthracnose, leaf spot of P. herbarum, black spot and leaf spot of E. rostratum. The results of virulence test showed that the above pathogens were all sensitive to the triazole fungicides, such as difenoconazole, triflumizole, metconazole and Qoi fungicide pyraclostrobin. F. equiseti was sensitive to Qoi fungicide trifloxystrobin, the pathogens except F. equiseti were sensitive to amide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors fluopyram, C. chlorophyti and E. rostratum were sensitive to alkyl polyamines fungicide xinjunan, C. chlorophyti was sensitive to organic sulfur bionic fungicide ethylicin, the EC₅₀ values of the inhibitors were less than 10 μg·mL ^-1. The control results of different fungicides on the major soybean diseases showed that the fungicides of difenoconazole, triflumizole, metconazole, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin significantly inhibited above diseases, fluopyram significantly inhibited the diseases except soybean root rot, xinjunan and ethylicin significantly inhibited anthracnose and leaf spot of E. rostratum, the control effects were above 90%.【Conclusion】Five kinds of pathogen and disease of soybean in Hebei Province are identified. The triazole sterol biosynthesis inhibitors difenoconazole, triflumizole, metconazole and Qoi respiration inhibitor pyraclostrobin were recommended as the optimal fungicides for soybean fungal diseases in Hebei Province.

Key words: soybean, pathogenic fungus, molecular identification, fungicide screening, Hebei Province

BI QiuYan,DANG ZhiHong,ZHU WeiQi,GAO ZhanLin,HAN XiuYing,ZHAO JianJiang,WANG WenQiao,LU Fen,WU Jie. Identification of Major Pathogenic Fungi of Soybean in Hebei Province and Screening of Control Fungicides[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(1): 71-85.

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杀菌剂种类 Fungicide species	杀菌剂名称 Fungicide name	病原菌Pathogen (EC₅₀, μg·mL^-1)
杀菌剂种类 Fungicide species	杀菌剂名称 Fungicide name	木贼镰孢 F. equiseti	大豆炭疽菌 C. chlorophyti	茎点霉菌 P. herbarum	链格孢 A. alternata	嘴突凸脐蠕孢 E. rostratum
三唑类 Triazole	苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	1.1102	0.3129	0.9125	0.5928	0.0466
	氟菌唑Triflumizole	1.5024	0.2600	0.8647	0.8581	0.0955
	叶菌唑Metconazole	0.0112	0.2216	0.4206	0.3907	0.0283
甲氧基丙烯酸酯类 Strobilurin	肟菌酯Trifloxystrobin	1.8804	26.3545	138.9770	32.0614	75.1247
	吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	2.8012	0.1775	0.5791	9.3865	2.0022
	嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	83.0320	27.0851	11.6454	10.0925	36.3156
	氰烯菌酯Phenamacril	0.0109	4.4280	154.9974	164.0990	39.9152
酰胺类 Amide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors	氟吡菌酰胺Fluopyram	42.1129	5.8304	2.8306	7.2185	2.5741
酰胺类 Amide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors	啶酰菌胺Boscalid	40. 4705	2.5139	0.4857	155.0532	2.2585
烷基多胺类 Alkyl polyamines	辛菌胺 Xinjunan	12.0130	8.4517	34.3226	21.7385	7.7361
有机硫仿生类 Organic sulfur bionic fungicide	乙蒜素 Ethylicin	10.3906	8.1840	416.1457	180.9062	45.9120

杀菌剂种类 Fungicide species	杀菌剂名称 Fungicide name	病害Disease（病情指数Disease index /防治效果Control effect (%)）
杀菌剂种类 Fungicide species	杀菌剂名称 Fungicide name	大豆根腐病 Soybean root rot	炭疽病 Anthracnose	茎点霉叶斑病 Leaf spot of P. herbarum	大豆黑斑病 Black spot	凸脐蠕孢叶斑病 Leaf spot of E. rostratum
三唑类Triazole	苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	5.00/93.24a	5.00/93.15a	6.00/91.49a	5.50/92.20a	6.00/91.49ab
	氟菌唑Triflumizole	6.00/91.89a	7.00/90.41a	6.50/90.78a	4.00/94.33a	4.00/94.33a
	叶菌唑Metconazole	7.00/90.54a	6.00/91.78a	5.00/92.21a	4.50/93.62a	7.00/90.07ab
甲氧基丙烯酸酯类 Strobilurin	肟菌酯Trifloxystrobin	6.00/91.89a	5.00/93.15a	5.50/92.20a	6.50/90.78a	5.50/92.20ab
	吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	4.00/94.59a	4.00/94.52a	7.00/90.07a	6.00/91.49a	5.00/92.91ab
	嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	9.00/87.84ab	12.00/83.56b	9.00/87.23ab	11.50/83.69ab	7.50/89.36b
	氰烯菌酯Phenamacril	10.00/86.49ab	15.00/79.45b	12.50/82.27b	20.00/71.63c	12.50/82.27c
酰胺类 Amide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors	氟吡菌酰胺Fluopyram	26.00/64.86c	6.00/91.78a	6.00/91.49a	6.00/91.49a	6.50/90.78b
酰胺类 Amide succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors	啶酰菌胺Boscalid	33.00/55.41d	11.00/84.93b	5.50/92.20a	13.50/80.85b	8.00/88.65b
烷基多胺类 Alkyl polyamines	辛菌胺 Xinjunan	20.00/72.97b	6.00/91.78a	11.00/84.40b	11.00/84.40ab	7.00/90.07b
有机硫仿生类 Organic sulfur bionic fungicide	乙蒜素 Ethylicin	18.00/75.68b	5.00/93.15a	12.50/82.27b	14.00/ 80.14b	4.50/93.62a
对照Control	-	74.00/-	73.00/-	70.50/-	59.50/-	36.00/-

Identification of Major Pathogenic Fungi of Soybean in Hebei Province and Screening of Control Fungicides

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