Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (1): 58-70.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.01.005

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Elevated Temperature and CO2 on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Intercropping Maize

WANG Fei(),SUN ZengGuang,YIN Fei,GUO BinBin,LIU Ling,JIAO NianYuan()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology/Dryland Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan, Luoyang 471023, Henan
  • Received:2020-03-07 Accepted:2020-05-26 Online:2021-01-01 Published:2021-01-13
  • Contact: NianYuan JIAO E-mail:1216677627@qq.com;jiaony1@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to clarify effects of elevated temperature and CO2 concentration on the photosynthetic characteristics of maize under intercropping with peanut, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the green high-yield and high-efficient cultivation of maize intercropping peanut (maize||peanut) under the condition of climate change in the future.【Method】In this study, maize intercropping peanut 2﹕4 pattern was taken as the research object. In 2018, ambient temperature ambient CO2 concentration (TC) and elevated temperature and CO2 (+T+C) were set up in the experiment, and elevated temperature ambient CO2(+TC) was added in 2019 to conduct the experiment, under two phosphorus levels of P0 (0) and P180 (180 kg P2O5·hm-2), respectively. The effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on photosynthetic pigment content, SPAD value, and photosynthetic response curves to light intensity and CO2 concentration and the related parameters of intercropped maize were studied.【Result】 (1) Compared with TC, +TC increased the content of chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b of intercropping maize at 34 days after seedlings, while this treatment reduced the chlorophyll a/b value. Under the condition of phosphorus application at 55 days after seedling, SPAD value, AQY, CE, Amax, Vc,max, Jmax, and TPU of maize were increased by 7.80%, 18.18%, 18.86%, 13.34%, 13.33%, and 20.14%, respectively, and maize grain yield increased by 19.2% to 28.1%. Compared with +TC, +T+C improved the AQY, but reduced LCP of intercropping maize at 55 and 65 days after seedling; The CE, Amax, Vc,max, Jmax, and TPU of intercropping maize were increased by 13.58%-32.96%, 21.31%-11.61%, 9.35%-14.5%, 9.52%-15.13% and 8.82%-26.16% at 55 days after seedling, respectively; The yield were increased by 5.25%-18.70%. All reached significant difference levels (P<0.05). (2) Compared with TC, +T+C increased the SPAD value of intercropping maize at big bell mouth and filling stages, which were increased by 4.68%-12.91% and 7.88%-18.37%, respectively, while decreased by 8.63%-12.72% at dough stage; chlorophyll a, b, and a+b of intercropping maize increased by 17.58%-19.54%, 52.55%-59.55%, and 26.08%-28.47%, respectively, at 35 days after seedlings; chlorophyll a/b were decreased by 23.04%-25.18%; AQY and LSPn were increased by 30.30%-75.76% and 16.87%-19.44%, respectively, at 55 days after seedlings; CE, Amax, Vc,max, Jmax and TPU increased by 15.72%-36.78%, 24.91%-32.66%, 20.77%-29.83%, 20.93%-30.48%, and 27.16%-30.74%, respectively; The yield increased by 7.24%-52.0%. All reached significant difference levels. (3) Compared with no phosphorus application, phosphorus application increased the content of chlorophyll b of intercropping maize under TC, +TC and +T+C by 24.15%, 18.64% and 22.04%, respectively, at 85 days after seedling; LSPn was increased by 13.30%, 17.0% and 9.86%, respectively, at 34 days after seedling; and the yield was increased by 24.2%-67.2%, 55.6% and 27.8%-38.0%, respectively. All reached significant difference levels. 【Conclusion】 Elevated temperature or elevated temperature and CO2 could increase chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of intercropping maize at early growth stage, showing a positive synergy, while elevated CO2 could alleviate the negative effects of elevated temperature at the middle and late growth stage. Elevated temperature and CO2 could increase the yield of intercropping maize, the key lies in the improvement of chlorophyll content, carboxylation efficiency, maximum electron transfer rate and triose phosphate utilization rate at the early and middle growth stage. The supply of phosphorus had an obvious positive effect.

Key words: climatic change, elevated temperature and CO2 concentration, intercropping maize, carboxylation efficiency, photochemical efficiency, yield

Table 1

Environmental conditions during the whole growing seasons"

处理Treatment 2018 2019
相比于TC处理CO2浓度差
CO2 concentration elevated relative to CT treatment (μmol·mol-1)		 +TC 12 (2.7) 15 (3.2)
+T+C 312 (50) 319 (38)
相比于TC处理温度差
Temperature elevated relative to CT treatment (℃)		 +TC 1.8 (0.8) 1.9 (0.9)
+T+C 1.9 (0.5) 2.1 (0.3)
日平均CO2浓度Daily CO2 concentration (μmol·mol-1) TC 376 (38) 389 (45)
日平均温度Daily air temperature (℃) TC 22.9 (5.0) 22.86 (5.1)
日最高温度Daily maximum temperature (℃) TC 37.1 36.4
日最低温度Daily minimum temperature (℃) TC 20.0 17.5

Fig. 1

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on SPAD value in intercropping maize P0: 0; P180: 180 kg P2O5·hm-2. TC: Ambient temperature+ambient CO2 concentration; +TC: Elevated temperature (+(2±0.5)℃)+ambient CO2 concentration; +T+C: Elevated temperature (+(2±0.5)℃)+elevated CO2 concentration ((700±50) μmol CO2·mol-1). Different lowercase letters mean significant difference among treatments at 0.05 level. The same as below"

Table 2

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 in chlorophyll component on intercropping maize (2019)"

苗后天数
Days after seedling (d)		 磷水平
P level		 处理
Treatment		 叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a (mg·g-1)		 叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b (mg·g-1)		 叶绿素a+b
Chlorophyll a+b (mg·g-1)		 叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b
35 P0 TC 1.56b 0.442d 2.00c 3.53a
+TC 1.64b 0.560c 2.20b 2.93bc
+T+C 1.86a 0.707b 2.57a 2.64cd
P180 TC 1.62b 0.520c 2.14bc 3.12b
+TC 1.65b 0.568c 2.18b 2.90bc
+T+C 1.90a 0.794a 2.70a 2.40d
85 P0 TC 1.23ab 0.530c 1.76bc 2.31b
+TC 1.13c 0.413d 1.54e 2.74a
+T+C 1.18abc 0.499c 1.68cd 2.37b
P180 TC 1.26a 0.658b 1.91a 1.91c
+TC 1.15bc 0.490c 1.64de 2.35b
+T+C 1.20abc 0.609a 1.81b 1.97c

Fig. 2

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on photosynthetic response curve to light intensity of intercropping maize A and E, B and F, C and G, and D and H indicate 34 (big bell mouth stage), 55 (filling stage), 65 (milk stage) and 82 days (dough stage) after seedling in 2019, respectively. The same as below"

Table 3

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on the parameters of photosynthetic response curve to light intensity of intercropping maize"

年份
Year		 苗后天数
Days after seedling (d)		 磷水平
P level		 处理
Treatment		 表观量子效率
AQY
(μmol·mol -1)		 光饱和时净
光合速率LSPn
(μmol CO2·m-2·s-1)		 光饱和点
LSP
(μmol·m-2·s-1)		 光补偿点
LCP
(μmol·m-2·s-1)
2018 59 P0 TC 0.036b 31.7b 1958b 80.5a
+T+C 0.039ab 33.8b 2179ab 56.4b
P180 TC 0.039ab 36.8a 2138ab 89.9a
+T+C 0.043a 38.4a 2236a 82.7a
2019 34 P0 TC 0.047a 37.6c 1810a 97.5b
+TC 0.048a 40.0bc 1865a 92.1c
+T+C 0.050a 42.6abc 1880a 76.2d
P180 TC 0.048a 45.5ab 2007a 101a
+TC 0.051a 46.8ab 2018a 93.8c
+T+C 0.051a 49.3a 2123a 90.7c
55 P0 TC 0.033d 28.8c 2150a 96.4b
+TC 0.036b 31.9bc 1941ab 68.7d
+T+C 0.043b 34.4ab 2150a 65.4e
P180 TC 0.033d 33.2bc 2054ab 138a
+TC 0.039bc 36.9ab 2353a 90.5c
+T+C 0.058a 38.8a 2407b 70.6d
65 P0 TC 0.029cd 25.5bc — 47.0d
+TC 0.025d 23.3c — 67c
+T+C 0.045b 28.2b — 47.2d
P180 TC 0.033c 28.7b — 86.2a
+TC 0.029cd 26.1bc — 87.8a
+T+C 0.053a 35.2a — 83.0b
82 P0 TC 0.038b 24.9ab — 62.3c
+TC 0.031c 18.7c — 66.2b
+T+C 0.038b 22.9ab — 85.6d
P180 TC 0.057a 26.8a — 62.0c
+TC 0.038b 21.4bc — 46.8d
+T+C 0.038b 23.7ab — 48.9d

Fig. 3

Effect of elevated temperature and CO2 on photosynthetic response curve to CO2 concentration of intercropping maize"

Table 4

Effect of elevated temperature and CO2 on the parameters of photosynthetic response curve to CO2 concentration of intercropping maize"

年份
Year		 苗后天数
Days after seedling
(d)		 磷水平
P level		 处理
Treatment		 羧化效率
CE		 CO2饱和时
净光合速率
Amax
(μmol CO2·m-2·s-1)		 Rubisco最大
羧化速率
Vc,max
(μmol·mol-1)		 最大电子
传递速率
Jmax
(μmol·mol-1)		 磷酸丙糖利用率TPU
(μmol·mol-1)
2018 59 P0 TC 0.133d 29.0d 80.0c 88.0c 8.40b
+T+C 0.170c 30.9c 93.3b 103b 8.75b
P180 TC 0.198b 34.0b 101a 112a 9.85a
+T+C 0.206a 35.4a 102a 113a 9.95a
2019 34 P0 TC 0.145d 29.4e 88.2d 97.0d 8.52d
+TC 0.153cd 32.1d 90.5d 99.6d 9.29d
+T+C 0.196b 38.0b 113b 125b 10.9bc
P180 TC 0.149d 35.8c 101.4c 111c 10.3c
+TC 0.163c 39.1b 99.9c 109c 11.5ab
+T+C 0.220a 41.8a 127.8a 141a 11.8a
55 P0 TC 0.159d 26.9e 86.2d 95.1d 7.51d
+TC 0.162c 27.7e 95.2c 105c 7.57d
+T+C 0.184b 33.6c 104.1b 115b 9.55b
P180 TC 0.174bc 29.7d 95.2c 105c 8.49c
+TC 0.179bc 35.3b 107.9b 119b 10.2b
+T+C 0.238a 39.4a 123.6a 137a 11.1a
65 P0 TC 0.090c 22.7e 47.1d 51.1c 5.99cd
+TC 0.078f 22.1e 37.1e 41.1d 5.50d
+T+C 0.122b 24.6d 50.5d 54.9c 6.52c
P180 TC 0.095d 28.0b 84.6b 104a 7.86b
+TC 0.087e 25.9c 60.2c 93.0b 7.52b
+T+C 0.149a 30.4a 93.7a 105a 8.52a
82 P0 TC 0.090a 19.9d 48.2b 51.6a 5.42b
+TC 0.069d 17.8e 36.5d 39.6c 4.94d
+T+C 0.084c 18.5e 38.0cd 40.6c 4.98d
P180 TC 0.099b 27.0a 51.6a 54.4a 6.54a
+TC 0.085bc 21.1c 40.0cd 42.3bc 5.67b
+T+C 0.086bc 22.2b 41.6c 44.7b 5.79b

Fig. 4

Effects of elevated temperature and CO2 on yield of intercropping maize"

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