Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (20): 4113-4126.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.20.002

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Genetic Dissection of Heterosis for Huangzaosi, a Foundation Parental Inbred Line of Maize in China

LI YongXiang1(),LI ChunHui1(),YANG JunPin2,YANG Hua3,CHENG WeiDong4,WANG LiMing5,LI FengYan6,LI HuiYong7,WANG YanBo8,LI ShuHua9,HU GuangHui10,LIU Cheng11,LI Yu1(),WANG TianYu1()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    2Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
    3Maize Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329
    4Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
    5Maize Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
    6College of Agronomy, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    7Cereal Crop Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450002
    8Maize Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
    9Maize Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling 136100, Jilin
    10Institute of Maize Research, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086
    11Institute of Cereal Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830000
  • Received:2019-11-20 Accepted:2020-02-11 Online:2020-10-16 Published:2020-10-26
  • Contact: Yu LI,TianYu WANG E-mail:liyongxiang@caas.cn;lichunhui@caas.cn;liyu03@caas.cn;wangtianyu@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The utilization of heterosis is an important approach for high yield breeding in maize. Genetic dissection of heterosis for Huangzaosi (HZS), a foundation parental inbred line of HZS Group, would provide valuable information for its efficient use and high yield maize breeding. 【Method】 A nested association mapping population (NAM), developed from Huangzaosi (HZS) as common parent and 11 diverse inbred lines as other parents and consisting of 2 000 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), were test-crossed with Zheng58 (Z58) and Chang7-2 (CH7), the representative tester in the heterotic pattern of "Improved Reid Group × HZS derived Group" in Chinese maize breeding, respectively. Phenotypic data of two NAM test-cross (NAM-TC) populations were collected at 10 locations across four major corn growing areas of China. Correlations among phenotypic traits and among the NAM and its TC populations, were analyzed. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of yield and related traits for the NAM and its two TC populations were separately conducted using the model of Joint stepwise regression. Meanwhile, multi-allelic effects of yield related QTL were conducted. Finally, the recombination rates around QTL regions were estimated and compared. 【Result】 Plant height (PH) and yield related traits (mainly refer to kernel number per row, KRPR; kernel weight per hundred, KWPH) simultaneously appeared highly positive correlations with plot yield for both the NAM and its two NAM-TC populations. Compared to the CH7-TC population (with weak heterosis), the lower correlation was observed between the yield performance of the NAM and its Z58-TC population. This meant that the NAM RILs contributed less genetic effects for the yield performance of hybrids in Z58-TC population. A smaller number of QTL were detected for each of the NAM-TC populations. However, the QTL of the NAM-TC populations explained more phenotypic variations than those detected in the NAM per se. Only about 27% of the CH7-TC population QTL and 25% of the Z58-TC population QTL overlapped or neighbored the QTL detected by using the NAM per se. The results of multi-allelic effects of grain yield per ear related QTL showed that HZS contributed about 68.69% of the favorable alleles among those QTL mapped in the Z58-TC population. On the contrary, HZS contributed more adverse alleles among those QTL mapped in the CH7-TC population. A total of 13 yield related genomic regions were identified in the Z58-TC population, whose favorable alleles were mostly contributed by HZS. These genomic regions might play important roles in the formation of yield heterosis of HZS. Moreover, QTL detected in the Z58-TC population tended to locate at the regions with low recombination rate, which was consistent with the feature of heterosis related loci tending to distribute at the genomic regions with low recombination rates. 【Conclusion】 Under the background of Z58, a tester with strong heterosis with HZS, the alleles from HZS greatly contributed to the high yield of hybrids. The QTL detected in the Z58-TC population would tightly associate with the yield heterosis of maize.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), yield, heterosis, quantitative trait loci (QTL)

Table 1

Statics of yield and important agronomic traits for Chinese maize NAM test-cross populations"

性状
Trait		 昌7-2组合 CH7-TCs 郑58组合 Z58-TCs
Mean ± SD CV (%) h2 Mean ± SD CV (%) h2
吐丝期 DTS 69.44±1.27 1.87 0.76 64.33±1.29 2.02 0.80
株高 PH (cm) 248.31±11.61 4.67 0.85 224.14±13.94 6.20 0.92
穗行数 KRN 15.49±0.87 5.81 0.87 14.11±0.90 6.38 0.90
行粒数 KNPR 33.04±1.59 4.85 0.72 33.12±1.92 5.74 0.80
百粒重 KWPH (g) 26.90±1.68 6.32 0.82 34.78±2.18 6.32 0.76
单穗产量Ear yield (g) 136.06±9.41 6.91 0.69 155.19±10.80 6.96 0.73
小区产量Plot yield (kg) 2.38±0.17 8.33 0.65 2.83±0.24 7.14 0.74

Fig. 1

Correlation analysis of yield and important agronomic traits for NAM test-cross populations DTS: Days to silking; PH: Plant height; KRN: Kernel row number; KNPR: Kernel number per row; KWPH: Kernel weight per hundred; Ear yield: Yield per ear; Plot yield: Yield per plot. The same as below"

Fig. 2

Correlation analysis of NAM and its test-cross populations for yield and important agronomic traits RIL: NAM population per se; Z58: Zheng58 test-cross population; CH7: Chang7-2 test-cross population. The same as below"

Table 2

QTL analysis of yield and important agronomic traits for NAM and its test-cross populations"

性状
Trait		 NAM重组自交系 NAM-RILs 昌7-2 组合 CH7-TCs 郑58组合 Z58-TCs
数量Count PVE (%) 数量Count PVE (%) 数量Count PVE (%)
吐丝期DTS 17 55.23 11 64.80 6 68.11
株高PH 22 68.52 10 62.89 9 71.34
穗行数KRN 19 67.47 13 63.42 20 79.07
行粒数KNPR 13 45.18 10 52.47 9 62.45
百粒重KWPH 16 50.90 12 62.49 9 58.37
单穗产量Ear yield 11 39.27 11 62.51 9 60.12
小区（单株）产量Plot (Per plant) yield 14 42.17 8 56.06 10 57.29
单株产量Per plant yield 小区产量Plot yield 小区产量Plot yield

Fig. 3

Distributions of yield and important agronomic traits related QTL for NAM and its test-cross populations"

Fig. 4

Multiple-allelic effects of ear yield related QTL for NAM and its test-cross populations The multiple-allelic effects of the mapped ear yield related QTL in NAM population (a, b, c), and its Chang7-2 test-cross population (d, e, f) and Zheng58 test-cross population (g, h, i), respectively (the part within red frame stands for the effects of the QTL in its mapped population). PVE: Phenotypic variance explained; FAR: Favorable allele ratio from Huangzaosi"

Table 3

QTL related to ear yield and plot yield for test-cross population of Zheng 58"

性状
Trait		 标记
Marker		 染色体
Chr.		 物理位置a
Pos. (Mb)		 P值
P-value		 贡献率
PVE (%)		 染色体区间
Interval (Mb）		 有利等位变异来源b
Source of favorable allele
单穗产量
Ear yield		 m81 1 14.95 6.03E-07 4.63 14.80—16.35 HZS
m325 1 167.86 7.79E-07 4.57 152.50—180.61 HZS
m595 1 266.37 1.45E-06 4.43 265.52—269.51 HZS
m802 2 6.60 3.42E-05 3.51 5.92—7.22 HZS
m1194 2 208.38 8.79E-08 4.87 208.12—210.06 HZS
m1548 3 158.90 7.82E-15 8.72 156.48—160.01 None-HZS
m2957 6 32.46 8.34E-07 4.55 7.04—36.62 HZS
m3973 8 121.80 7.74E-07 4.57 106.85—131.35 HZS
m4334 9 77.02 5.22E-08 4.99 56.13—91.77 None-HZS
小区产量
Plot yield		 m81 1 14.95 1.55E-04 3.79 12.86—15.91 HZS
m295 1 89.28 2.20E-06 4.94 86.67—91.25 HZS
m593 1 265.59 8.95E-06 4.57 257.97—268.17 HZS
m1550 3 159.68 9.80E-15 9.90 156.48—162.18 None-HZS
m2330 5 0.90 1.02E-06 4.93 0.89—1.34 HZS
m2481 5 26.10 6.80E-06 4.43 25.71—32.09 HZS
m2960 6 35.32 6.71E-05 4.02 3.91—36.62 HZS
m3973 8 121.80 2.19E-08 6.15 121.67—128.75 HZS
m4381 9 107.33 3.55E-06 4.60 89.39—107.55 None-HZS
m4837 10 137.28 7.38E-07 5.23 134.59—137.50 HZS

Fig. 5

Analysis of recombination rates within QTL regions for NAM and its test-cross populations"

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