中、碱性土壤条件下黄腐酸与磷肥配施对番茄生育和磷素利用率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The phosphorus uptake and utilization of plants are reduced in alkaline soil. Fulvic acid (FA) application has effect on activating the hard-soluble phosphorus in soil. This study used FA to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in alkaline soil, so as to provide a new approach to reduce phosphorus fertilizer application. 【Method】The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar of Luo La was used as plant material, which were cultivated in the big pots with two kinds soil. Two levels of soil pH (6.5 and 8.0) with four levels of phosphorus (P₂O₅) fertilizer application (0, 0.1325, 0.265 and 0.53 g·kg^-1, separately marked as 0% P, 25% P, 50% P and 100% P), with or without 0.08 g·kg^-1 FA were set in this experiment. Then, it was studied the effects of 0.08 g·kg^-1 FA and phosphorus fertilizer on plant growth, yield, fruit quality and phosphorus utilization in neutral and alkaline soil. 【Result】The tomato plant growth, yield, phosphorus concentrations, phosphorus uptake and fertilizer contribution were significantly reduced in alkaline soil. However, the tomato fruit quality was improved in alkaline soil. The tomato plant growth, yield and fruit quality, as well as phosphorus concentrations, phosphorus uptake and fertilizer contribution were also reduced by reducing phosphorus application. However, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization was improved in lower phosphorus levels. Application of FA had significant effects on improving phosphorus uptake and concentrations, which promoted the plant growth, yield and quality formation. Application of FA had little effect on phosphorus fertilizer utilization, which reduced fertilizer contribution in neutral soil. However, the phosphorus fertilizer utilization and fertilizer contribution were significantly enhanced by FA treatment in alkaline soil. In addition, application of FA increased levels of tomato growth and yield under 50% P treatment to that under 100% P treatment, while this enhanced effect was more significant in high pH soil. Application of FA to 100% P treatment had significant effects on improving tomato plant growth, yield in alkaline soil, which showed similar effects on that in 0% P without FA treatment in neutral soil.【Conclusion】Application of FA could improve phosphorus utilization, tomato plant growth, yield and fruit quality, which hit the mark of reducing phosphorus fertilizer application. Additionally, phosphorus fertilizer with FA application had mitigative effect of tomato growth and yield inhibition in alkaline soil.

Key words: tomato, fulvic acid, growth, yield, quality, phosphorus utilization

ZHANG LiLi,SHI QingHua,GONG Biao. Application of Fulvic Acid and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Tomato Growth, Development, and Phosphorus Utilization in Neutral and Alkaline Soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(17): 3567-3575.

Figures/Tables 5

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Table 3

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处理 Treatment		株高 Plant height (m)		茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)		根鲜重 Fresh weight of root (g)		茎鲜重 Fresh weight of stem (g)		叶鲜重 Fresh weight of leaves (g)		平均隶属度Average membership degree		排名 Ranking
处理 Treatment		-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA
pH 6.5	0%P	1.75f	1.91d	13.25e	13.42e	83.43hi	94.60fg	189.82h	196.03g	348.61h	376.31e	0.38	0.49	10	8
	25%P	1.84e	1.96c	14.02d	14.06d	92.62fg	104.68d	204.04f	240.20c	366.81f	388.24d	0.49	0.64	7	4
	50%P	1.86e	1.96c	14.06d	15.58b	99.76e	113.82c	215.36e	267.20b	393.90d	436.14b	0.57	0.81	5	2
	100%P	2.05b	2.17a	14.83c	16.73a	120.11b	139.90a	224.61d	278.92a	420.12c	449.80a	0.73	1.00	3	1
pH 8.0	0%P	1.35k	1.56hi	11.04h	11.86g	56.92k	80.31i	154.73k	176.78i	279.70m	313.86	0.00	0.21	16	14
	25%P	1.45j	1.61h	11.74g	12.70f	71.64j	92.76fg	166.27j	191.12gh	288.03l	334.03i	0.11	0.33	15	12
	50%P	1.52i	1.77f	12.67f	13.30e	84.34hi	95.60f	188.26h	212.60e	303.67k	357.99g	0.25	0.46	13	9
	100%P	1.67g	1.84e	13.27e	14.09d	91.35g	104.91d	195.41g	226.29d	335.82i	365.69f	0.37	0.56	11	6

处理 Treatment		根 P concentrations of root (mmol·g^-1 DW)		茎 P concentrations of stem (mmol·g^-1 DW)		叶 P concentrations of leaf (mmol·g^-1 DW)		果 P concentrations of fruit (mmol·g^-1 DW)		平均隶属度 Average membership degree		排名Ranking
处理 Treatment		-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA
pH 6.5	0%P	0.62g	0.72d	0.48jk	0.63de	0.37f	0.45cd	0.093f	0.10e	0.33	0.62	12	6
	25%P	0.64g	0.76c	0.56g	0.66cd	0.41e	0.48c	0.099e	0.11cd	0.47	0.73	9	3
	50%P	0.69ef	0.82b	0.59f	0.70b	0.44de	0.52b	0.11d	0.11bc	0.59	0.87	7	2
	100%P	0.76c	0.86a	0.62e	0.75a	0.47c	0.57a	0.11ab	0.12a	0.73	1.00	3	1
pH 8.0	0%P	0.46j	0.55hi	0.43l	0.50ij	0.26h	0.36f	0.073h	0.079g	0.00	0.22	16	14
	25%P	0.47j	0.62g	0.45kl	0.56fg	0.30g	0.38f	0.077gh	0.090f	0.076	0.40	15	10
	50%P	0.54i	0.67f	0.52hi	0.58fg	0.36f	0.46cd	0.079g	0.093f	0.23	0.51	13	8
	100%P	0.57h	0.71de	0.55gh	0.67e	0.38f	0.46cd	0.090f	0.099e	0.35	0.65	11	5

处理 Treatment		干物质含量 Dry matter concentration (%)		番茄红素含量 Lycopene concentration (mg·g^-1)		维生素C含量 Vitamine C concentration (mg·kg^-1)		可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar concentration (mg·g^-1)		可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid concentration (mg·g^-1)		糖酸比 Ratio of sugar to acid		平均隶属度Average membership degree		排名 Ranking
处理 Treatment		-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA	-FA	+FA
pH 6.5	0%P	5.40i	5.63h	0.63h	0.73e	75.86k	93.11h	50.04m	83.84h	6.28l	7.93i	7.97e	10.57b	0.026	0.38	16	12
	25%P	5.72gh	6.03f	0.64gh	0.75de	80.62j	97.84gh	56.19l	97.97f	6.48l	8.97h	8.67d	10.92ab	0.12	0.51	15	9
	50%P	5.73gh	6.05f	0.63h	0.76cd	85.48i	101.56g	59.73l	105.05e	6.95k	9.62g	8.59d	10.91ab	0.14	0.56	14	8
	100%P	5.83g	6.08f	0.66g	0.79b	93.45h	111.22f	66.04k	112.95d	7.35j	9.96f	8.98d	11.33a	0.23	0.65	13	5
pH 8.0	0%P	6.42e	6.83c	0.71f	0.78bc	119.43e	125.83cd	74.69j	110.87d	10.17f	11.38d	7.34f	9.73c	0.40	0.71	11	4
	25%P	6.60d	7.10b	0.71f	0.82a	122.99de	130.49bc	79.17i	129.28c	10.75e	12.07c	7.36f	10.72b	0.45	0.87	10	3
	50%P	6.85c	7.16ab	0.75de	0.82a	129.01c	134.96b	85.23gh	136.22b	10.96e	12.47b	7.77ef	10.93ab	0.56	0.92	7	2
	100%P	6.86c	7.31a	0.74de	0.84a	133.86b	141.98a	88.66g	143.61a	11.53d	12.77a	7.69ef	11.24a	0.58	1.00	6	1

Application of Fulvic Acid and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Tomato Growth, Development, and Phosphorus Utilization in Neutral and Alkaline Soil

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