Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (22): 4039-4049.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.009

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Evaluation of Identification and Classification Index for Drought Resistance at Middle and Late Growth Stage in Grain Sorghum Germplasms

WANG YuBin1,2,PING JunAi1,2(),NIU Hao1,2,CHU JianQiang1,DU ZhiHong1,Lü Xin1,2,LI HuiMing1,2,ZHANG FuYao1,2   

  1. 1 Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences Sorghum Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics and Germ Innovation in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi
    2 Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Creation in the Loess Plateau of the Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031
  • Received:2019-06-10 Accepted:2019-08-20 Online:2019-11-16 Published:2019-11-16
  • Contact: JunAi PING E-mail:pingja1029@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】 Sorghum is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world, which has a variety of usages. Compared with other crops, sorghum has a strong drought resistance, drought has become one of the main restricting factors in sorghum (especially grain sorghum) production, with the intensification of the global drought. Through drought resistance identification and classification index evaluation of grain sorghum materials were carried out in order to lay foundations for future studies on molecular mechanism of and breeding for drought resistance in sorghum. 【Method】 With 165 grain sorghum accessions as the experimental materials, drought resistance experiments with two treatments, drought (DS) and normal irrigation (NI), were carried out in the fields in Shanxi and Hainan provinces. Eight morphological traits, including plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, leaf greenness, lodging rate, 1000-grain weight, grain size and yield, were investigated. Cluster analysis was carried out by using three methods: Comprehensive Drought Tolerance Coefficient (CDTC), Drought Resistance Index(DI) and membership function(D).【Result】 Under drought stress, all 8 morphological indexes of grain sorghum decreased. Except that leaf greenness was not correlated with plant height and grain size, and lodging resistance was not correlated with panicle length and grain size, all the other indicators were correlated to some extent. Five high-resistant accessions (L013, SX44B, sx18-25, sx18-87 and L405) and 4 sensitive accessions (sx18-46, sx18-82, sx18-96 and sx18-73) were selected according to the three comprehensive drought resistance evaluation methods; According to the relative value and variation coefficient of morphological indicators, the experiments in both places showed that the stay-green, yield, grain size and lodging resistance were sensitive to drought, and there was overlapped information among the four indicators. According to the principal component analysis, yield, plant height and grain size were the main factors determining the first principal component, and the contribution rate was 31.841%; The greenness of the leaves and thousand-grain weight were the main factors determining the second principal component, and the contribution rate was 20.441%; Stem thickness were the main factors determining the third principal component, the contribution rate was 13.557%; the main factors determining the lodging resistance of the fourth principal component, the contribution rate was 11.428% ; The fifth principal component was spike length, the contribution rate was 9.461%. 【Conclusion】 It was found that drought stress at the middle and late growth stages had significant effects on the main morphological indicators of grain sorghum. There existed significant difference among accessions in drought resistance. Combined with three comprehensive evaluation methods of drought resistance, the drought resistance of sorghum accessions could be evaluated more accurately. Two traits stay green and yield could can be used as main morphological indicators to evaluate drought resistance of sorghum after flowering.

Key words: grain sorghum, drought resistance, morphological index, classification, comprehensive evaluation

Table 1

Comparison of different traits performance under drought stress and normal irrigation"

地点
Locations		 指标
Traits		 正常灌溉 Normal irrigation 干旱胁迫 Drought stresses 干旱/正常Drought/Normal
平均数
Mean		 变幅
Variation		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均数
Mean		 变幅
Variation		 变异系数
CV (%)		 平均数
Mean		 标准差
Deviation		 变异系数
CV (%)
山西
Shanxi		 株高PH (cm) 175.19 80.15—420.22 19.80 155.92 78.58—360.32 20.18 0.89 0.16 17.98
穗长SL (cm) 24.50 13.45—45.25 8.25 23.03 14.99—37.60 8.13 0.94 0.10 10.64
茎粗SD (mm) 15.22 8.52—19.25 8.59 14.00 7.82—17.55 7.88 0.92 0.12 13.04
叶片持绿性LSG (%) 95.25 82.52—100.00 28.98 62.87 28.64—100.00 30.25 0.66 0.28 42.42
抗倒伏率AIR (%) 99.52 89.52—100.00 9.58 89.57 60.52—100.00 8.22 0.90 0.17 18.89
千粒重TKW (g) 27.25 18.95—45.25 25.48 26.43 16.67—45.88 22.59 0.97 0.17 17.53
籽粒大小GS (mm2) 15.25 8.52—20.15 14.89 12.96 7.89—20.52 14.82 0.85 0.15 17.65
产量P(kg) 0.22 0.08—0.48 42.89 0.20 0.07—0.45 42.78 0.90 0.27 30.00
海南
Hainan		 株高PH (cm) 133.96 71.00—251.00 21.50 116.55 61.50—241.50 20.58 0.87 0.18 20.69
穗长SL (cm) 23.04 15.00—41.00 7.23 20.74 14.25—41.00 6.90 0.90 0.09 10.00
茎粗SD (mm) 9.76 5.60—18.90 9.81 8.59 5.30—17.10 8.54 0.88 0.12 13.64
叶片持绿性LSG (%) 77.25 20.00—100.00 35.32 46.35 0.00—96.00 29.38 0.60 0.30 50.00
抗倒伏率AIR (%) 99.25 35.00—100.00 10.80 87.34 0.00—100.00 9.12 0.88 0.20 22.73
千粒重TKW (g) 25.33 13.30—41.30 24.53 23.05 11.10—31.70 23.56 0.91 0.17 18.68
籽粒大小GS (mm2) 13.22 8.25—19.23 15.45 10.71 8.00—17.90 14.57 0.81 0.22 27.16
产量P (kg) 0.18 0.06—0.46 43.93 0.15 0.05—0.33 43.56 0.84 0.26 30.95

Table 2

Drought resistance coefficient of each Index of the tested Materials and CDTC, DI and D"

统计量
Statistical quantity		 各指标抗旱系数 Drought resistance coefficient of each index 综合评价 Overall merit
株高
PH		 穗长
SL		 茎粗
SD		 叶片持绿性
LSG		 抗倒伏率
AIR		 千粒重
TGW		 籽粒大小
GS		 产量
P		 综合抗旱系数
CDTC		 抗旱指数
DI		 综合评价值
D
平均数
Mean		 0.87 0.92 0.90 0.63 0.89 0.94 0.95 0.83 0.87 0.87 0.60
变幅
Variation		 0.17—1.05 0.68—1.12 0.53—1.20 0.02—1.88 0.15—1.34 0.47—1.45 0.49—1.67 0.38—1.00 0.58—1.08 0.24—1.68 0.36—0.78
变异系数
CV (%)		 0.17 0.15 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.16

Table 3

Correlation of drought resistance coefficient with traits tested in sorghum accessions"

指标
Indices		 株高
PH		 穗长系数
SL		 茎粗
SD		 叶片持绿性
LSG		 抗倒伏性
AIR		 千粒重
TGW		 籽粒大小
SZ		 产量
P
株高 PH 1.0000
穗长 SL 0.46** 1.0000
茎粗 SD 0.36** 0.25** 1.0000
叶片持绿性LSG -0.0100 0.0200 0.0300
抗倒伏性AIR 0.0800 -0.0700 0.0500 0.22** 1.0000
千粒重TGW 0.1500 0.17* 0.0400 0.39** 0.17* 1.0000
籽粒大小SZ 0.28** 0.28** 0.22** -0.1300 -0.0800 0.19* 1.0000
产量P 0.36** 0.37** 0.24** 0.1100 0.0400 0.40** 0.81** 1.0000

Fig. 1

Cluster map of sorghum accessions by comprehensive drought-resistant coefficient"

Fig. 2

Cluster map of sorghum accessions by drought resistance index"

Table 4

Eigenvectors and cumulative contribution rates of each principal component"

性状
Trait		 因子1
Factor1		 因子2
Factor2		 因子3
Factor3		 因子4
Factor4		 因子5
Factor5
株高PH 0.622 -0.014 0.527 0.161 0.184
穗长SL 0.609 -0.032 0.103 0.015 -0.754
茎粗SD 0.521 -0.156 0.583 -0.310 0.244
叶片持绿性LSG 0.196 0.731 -0.241 -0.124 0.213
抗倒伏性AIR 0.181 0.519 0.124 0.779 0.036
千粒重TGW 0.432 0.687 -0.098 -0.365 -0.058
籽粒大小SZ 0.607 -0.578 -0.418 0.192 0.191
产量P 0.844 -0.087 -0.443 -0.027 0.092
特征根Characteristic root 2.547 1.635 1.085 0.914 0.757
贡献率Contribution rate (%) 31.841 20.441 13.557 11.428 9.461
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%) 31.841 52.282 65.839 75.067 84.529

Fig. 3

Clustering diagram of sorghum accessions by D-value"

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