我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锰含量分布的调查

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.014

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to study the manganese (Mn) contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces (municipalities, regions) and the basal diets of pigs and chickens in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable addition of Mn to the diets. 【Method】 A total of 37 kinds of 3 922 feed samples from 31 provinces, municipalities and regions were digested by microwave, and then the Mn contents were measured by IRIS IntrepidⅡ plasma emission spectrometer. The feed samples fall into seven types: cereals (corn, wheat, rice and barley), cereal by-products (broken rice, wheat middling, wheat bran, rice bran, corn DDGS, wheat DDGS, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal), plant protein ingredients (extruded soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, linseed meal and sunflower seed meal), animal protein ingredients (fish meal, meat meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, dried porcine solubles, plasma protein powder and dried blood cells), straw ingredients (corn straw, sweet potato vine, rice straw and wheat straw), pasture ingredients (Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn silage) and mineral ingredients (limestone, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell meal and bone meal). 【Result】 The results showed that the average Mn contents of these 37 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 0.4 to 1 104.8 mg·kg ^-1, and the distribution regularities of Mn contents in different species of feed ingredients were as follows: mineral ingredients＞straw ingredients＞cereal by-productscpasture ingredients＞plant protein ingredients＞cereals＞animal protein ingredients. Among the same kind of feed samples, there were significant differences (P＜0.0003) in the Mn contents from all types of feed ingredients. In the cereals, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice (77.7 mg·kg ^-1) and corn (5.7 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the cereal by-products, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice bran (166.0 mg·kg ^-1) and corn gluten meal (4.6 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the plant protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rapeseed meal (68.0 mg·kg ^-1) and cottonseed meal (27.0 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the animal protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the fish meal (48.5 mg·kg ^-1) and dried blood cells (0.4 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the straw ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice straw (458.1 mg·kg ^-1) and wheat straw (37.8 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the pasture feeds, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the Leymus chinensis (89.1 mg·kg ^-1) and alfalfa (33.0 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the mineral ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the dicalcium phosphate (1 104.8 mg·kg ^-1) and bone meal (16.9 mg·kg ^-1), respectively. Regional comparisons on a basis of provinces (regions) were made of Mn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal, showing significant effects (P＜0.0004) of regional environments on Mn contents in corn and soybean meal. The highest and lowest Mn contents of corn were observed in Guizhou (7.9 mg·kg ^-1) and Inner Mongolia (4.2 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; the highest and lowest Mn contents of soybean meal were observed in Zhejiang province (48.3 mg·kg ^-1) and Guangdong province (34.4 mg·kg ^-1), respectively. Calculated Mn contents in basal diets from 142 common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country ranged from 14.4 to 32.1 mg·kg ^-1. According to Mn requirements of pigs and chickens from feeding standards of China and NRC of the United States, the Mn contents in the basal diets could provide about one-fourth and all the nutritional needs of recommended Mn requirements for pigs and chickens, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The above results showed that the Mn contents in feed ingredients varied greatly in different kinds and regions, and the Mn contents in basal diets from common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country could partly provide the nutritional requirements for chickens and the full needs of pigs. However, the bioavailabilities of Mn in different feed ingredients have not been considered in above evaluation. Therefore, the Mn contents in feed ingredients of different kinds and regions should be considered in the preparation of diets, so as to formulate the diets accurately and ensure efficient production of livestock and poultry and reduce supplemental Mn level and environmental pollution caused by Mn emission.

Key words: feedstuff, manganese content, pig, chicken

WANG ChuanLong, ZHANG LiYang, LIU GuoQing, WANG LiSai, YANG Liu, XING GuanZhong, SHAO YuXin, MA XueLian, LI SuFen, WANG LiangZhi, LIU YuanDong, LÜ Lin, LIAO XiuDong, LUO XuGang. A Survey on Distribution of Manganese Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1993-2001.

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Figures/Tables 8

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Distribution of Mn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal in some provinces (regions) of China (air-dry basis)"

省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	玉米锰含量 Mn contents of corn (mg·kg^-1)	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	小麦锰含量 Mn contents of wheat (mg·kg^-1)	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	豆粕锰含量 Mn contents of soybean meal (mg·kg^-1)
贵州 Guizhou	7.9±2.3(39)a	湖北 Hubei	51.0±5.0(8)	浙江 Zhejiang	48.3±5.7(12)a
山东 Shandong	6.1±0.2(54)b	新疆 Xinjiang	45.7±1.9(10)	陕西 Shaanxi	42.2±1.7(15)b
广西 Guangxi	5.8±0.2(36)b	陕西 Shaanxi	44.8±2.4(9)	河南 Henan	40.1±1.3(15)bc
安徽 Anhui	5.7±0.2(44)bc	河南 Henan	43.2±5.7(26)	内蒙古Inner Mongolia	39.2±1.4(30)bcd
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	5.6±0.2(78)bc	甘肃 Gansu	41.7±2.5(9)	河北 Hebei	38.9±0.8(27)bcd
河北 Hebei	5.5±0.2(55)bc	山东 Shandong	37.7±2.8(14)	辽宁 Liaoning	38.1±0.9(22)bcd
湖北 Hubei	5.3±0.2(38)bc	山西 Shanxi	37.6±2.1(14)	吉林 Jilin	38.1±1.9(11)bcd
甘肃 Gansu	5.3±0.7(42)bc	安徽 Anhui	36.9±2.9(14)	山东 Shandong	37.9±1.0(20)bcd
山西 Shanxi	5.2±0.1(83)bc	江苏 Jiangsu	36.2±2.9(16)	福建 Fujian	37.5±1.2(17)bcd
吉林 Jilin	5.2±0.1(60)bc	四川 Sichuan	31.9±2.1(8)	安徽 Anhui	37.0±1.0(18)cd
四川 Sichuan	5.1±0.1(44)bc	河北 Hebei	30.7±1.8(19)	湖北 Hubei	36.4±1.4(10)cd
新疆 Xinjiang	5.1±0.2(48)bc			黑龙江 Heilongjiang	35.5±0.6(50)cd
陕西Shaanxi	5.0±0.1(41)bc			江苏 Jiangsu	35.2±0.1(15)cd
辽宁 Liaoning	4.8±0.1(53)bc			广东 Guangdong	34.4±0.9(20)d
云南 Yunnan	4.7±0.1(27)bc
河南 Henan	4.7±0.1(54)bc
江苏 Jiangsu	4.6±0.1(46)bc
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	4.2±0.1(52)c
P值P value	0.0003	P值P value	0.0600	P值P value	<0.0001
总体平均值Total average	5.3	总体平均值Total average	39.2	总体平均值Total average	38.0

Table 7

Table 8

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样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米 Corn	30	1191	5.7±0.4D
小麦 Wheat	28	251	40.0±1.6B
稻谷 Rice	30	207	77.7±4.3A
大麦 Barley	15	28	21.5±1.4C
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值 Total average			38.7
碎米 Broken rice	20	54	11.2±1.1c
次粉 Wheat middling	20	50	77.7±7.3b
小麦麸 Wheat bran	24	112	146.8±6.8c
米糠 Rice bran	22	122	166.0±12.4a
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS	13	96	18.2±0.7c
小麦 DDGS Wheat DDGS	4	16	67.1±19.1b
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	7	49	13.8±1.9c
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	17	90	4.6±0.7c
P值 P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			75.9

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean	13	109	31.4±0.8d
豆粕 Soybean meal	23	338	38.4±0.9bc
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	16	164	68.0±2.0a
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	13	105	27.0±4.2d
花生粕 Peanut meal	11	48	48.4±3.8bc
亚麻粕 Linseed meal	3	18	59.5±20.8ab
葵花粕 Sunflower seed meal	3	14	35.8±5.7d
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			44.5

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
鱼粉 Fish meal	14	57	48.5±14.3a
肉粉 Meat meal	12	24	20.9±7.5b
水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal	15	34	28.2±5.0ab
肠系膜蛋白粉 Dried porcine soluble	3	9	15.4±2.3b
血浆蛋白粉 Plasma protein powder	16	32	5.4±2.1b
血球蛋白粉 Dried blood cells	16	28	0.4±0.1b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			19.6

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米秸 Corn straw	30	84	52.0±6.0b
小麦秸 Wheat straw	23	55	37.8±5.6b
稻秸 Rice straw	29	84	458.1±56.0a
甘薯藤 Sweet potato vine	12	21	107.2±17.7b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			180.8

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锰含量 Mn contents (mg·kg^-1)
羊草 Leymus chinensis	7	35	89.1±32.7a
黑麦草 Ryegrass	16	72	86.5±15.7a
苜蓿 Alfalfa	25	93	33.0±2.5b
青贮玉米 Corn silage	23	88	41.4±3.9b
P值P value			0.0002
总体平均值Total average			53.3

A Survey on Distribution of Manganese Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

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