我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素铜含量分布的调查

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.013

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to study the distribution of copper (Cu) contents in various feed ingredients from different regions, as well as the Cu content in the basal diets of livestock and poultry in China, so as to provide a basis for the reasonable addition of Cu to diets. 【Method】 A total of 3 903 feed samples from 37 feed ingredients which fallen into seven types (cereal feeds, cereal by-products, plant protein feeds, animal protein feeds, pasture feeds, straw feeds and mineral feeds) from 31 regions (provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions). After pretreatment of those samples, microwave digestion was performed with MARS6 high-throughput closed microwave digestion system, and then the Cu contents of feed samples were determined by IRIS Intrepid Ⅱ. The pig liver or soybean powder were used as a reference material to ensure the reliability of the measurement results. 【Result】 The determination of Cu contents in feedstuffs showed that the average Cu content of cereal feeds (including corn, wheat, rice and barley) was 3.95 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 2.50 to 5.34 mg·kg ^-1); the average Cu content of cereal by-products (including corn gluten meal, corn DDGS, corn germ meal, wheat middling, wheat bran, wheat DDGS, broken rice and rice bran) was 7.16 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 1.62 to 12.13 mg·kg ^-1); the average Cu content of plant protein feeds (including extruded soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, linseed meal and sunflower meal) was 16.37 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 6.45 to 30.40 mg·kg ^-1); the average Cu content of animal protein feeds (including fish meal, meat meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, dried porcine soluble, plasma protein powder and blood cells protein powder) was 11.14 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 1.90 to 20.04 mg·kg ^-1); the average Cu content of pasture feeds (including Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn silage) was 7.85 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 4.31 to 9.92 mg·kg ^-1; the average Cu content of straw feeds (including corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and sweet potato vine) was 7.50 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 3.38 to 13.89 mg·kg ^-1); the average Cu content of mineral feeds (including limestone, dicalcium phosphate, bone meal and oyster shell meal) was 6.79 mg·kg ^-1 (ranged from 3.39 to 11.45 mg·kg ^-1). Results showed that the average Cu contents of these 37 kinds of feeds ranged from 1.62 to 30.40 mg·kg ^-1 and the Cu contents distribution of different species feeds were as follows: plant protein feeds (16.37 mg·kg ^-1)＞animal protein feeds (11.14 mg·kg ^-1)＞pasture feeds (7.85 mg·kg ^-1)＞straw feeds (7.50 mg·kg ^-1)＞cereal by-products (7.16 mg·kg ^-1)＞mineral feeds (6.79 mg·kg ^-1)＞cereal feeds (3.95 mg·kg ^-1). It was found that the Cu contents in corn, wheat or soybean meal from some provinces (regions) were significantly different (P＜0.05). The highest and lowest Cu contents of corn and soybean meal were observed in Sichuan (2.97 and 15.74 mg·kg ^-1) and Inner Mongolia (1.66 and 11.72 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; the highest and lowest Cu contents of wheat were observed in Gansu (5.61 mg·kg ^-1) and Hebei (4.02 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively. Calculated Cu contents from 152 feed formulas commonly used in pigs and chickens all over the country ranged from 5.07 to 6.54 mg·kg ^-1. According to Cu requirements of pigs and chickens from feeding standards of China and NRC of the United States, the Cu contents in the basal diets could provide the Cu nutrition requirements of pigs basically and provide most of the Cu nutrition requirements of chickens. However, the utilization rate of Cu in different feed ingredients had not been considered. 【Conclusion】 The above results showed that the Cu contents in feed ingredients varied greatly in different kinds and regions, and the Cu contents in the basal diets from common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country could provide most of the nutritional requirements for pigs and chickens. Therefore, it was suggested that the Cu contents and its utilization rate of the basal diets from different regions should be considered to formulate the diets accurately, so as to meet the need of efficient production of livestock and poultry and reduce the environmental pollution caused by Cu addition and emission.

Key words: feedstuff, copper content, pig, chicken

WANG LiSai, ZHANG LiYang, SHAO YuXin, MA XueLian, WANG LiangZhi, XING GuanZhong, YANG Liu, LI SuFen, LÜ Lin, LIAO XiuDong, LUO XuGang. A Survey on Distribution of Copper Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 1982-1992.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Distribution of Cu contents in corn, wheat and soybean meal from some provinces of China (mg·kg-1, air-dry basis)"

省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	玉米铜含量Cu contents in corn			小麦铜含量Cu contents in wheat			大豆粕铜含量Cu contents in soybean meal
省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	2.32±0.46cdef(78)	2.32	2.45				13.75±1.04c(50)	13.76	14.84
河南 Henan	2.10±0.50ef(54)	2.04	1.78	5.09±1.93ab(27)	4.61	4.38	13.72±1.69c(15)	13.13	-
山东 Shandong	2.72±0.54ab(54)	2.77	2.93	4.64±0.45abc(14)	4.60	-	14.45±1.07bc(19)	14.47	-
河北 Hebei	2.35±0.59cde(55)	2.25	2.05	4.02±0.42c(19)	3.99	-	15.29±1.37ab(27)	15.25	15.03
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	1.66±0.39g(51)	1.56	1.50				11.72±1.32d(30)	11.42	10.73
吉林 Jilin	2.05±0.48f(60)	2.00	1.74				13.86±1.63c(11)	13.72	-
辽宁 Liaoning	2.28±0.74def(53)	2.16	1.15				13.58±1.82c(22)	13.94	-
山西 Shanxi	2.31±0.62cdef(83)	2.33	2.44	4.97±1.14abc(14)	4.80	-	14.55±0.50bc(4)	14.41	-
四川 Sichuan	2.97±0.57a(44)	2.91	2.72	5.36±0.44ab(8)	5.31	-	15.74±1.07a(8)	15.64	-
安徽 Anhui	2.91±0.95a(44)	2.85	2.27	4.81±0.58abc(14)	4.69	-	15.10±2.30ab(10)	15.15	-
陕西 Shaanxi	2.70±0.84ab(41)	2.66	-	4.55±1.04bc(9)	4.40	-
云南 Yunnan	2.35±0.63cde(56)	2.21	2.28
甘肃 Gansu	2.48±1.03bcd(42)	2.33	2.09	5.61±0.90a(9)	5.51	-
新疆 Xinjiang	2.12±0.40ef(48)	2.03	1.95	4.87±0.40abc(10)	4.79	-
贵州 Guizhou	2.61±1.03bc(39)	2.29	1.45
湖北 Hubei	2.78±0.60ab(38)	2.76	2.95	5.08±0.43ab(8)	5.16	-	14.35±1.01bc(10)	14.36	-
江苏 Jiangsu	2.58±0.73bcd(46)	2.54	1.88	5.34±0.62ab(16)	5.37	4.65	13.36±0.33c(15)	13.40	-
广西 Guangxi	2.54±0.79bcd(36)	2.23	2.05
P-值 P-value	＜0.001			0.0079			＜0.001
均值 Average	2.44			4.94			14.12

Table 8

Table 9

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样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	铜含量Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)
样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode
玉米Corn	30	1191	2.50±0.41b	2.35	2.44
小麦Wheat	28	251	5.09±0.56a	4.89	4.65
稻谷Rice	30	207	2.85±0.88b	2.81	2.22
大麦Barley	15	28	5.34±1.39a	5.47	5.67
P值 P-value			＜0.001
总平均值 Total average			3.95

样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	铜含量Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)
样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	17	90	9.04±1.49b	9.17	7.88
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS	13	96	4.18±0.47d	4.22	4.51
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	7	49	4.66±0.36d	4.59	3.98
次粉 Wheat middling	20	51	7.58±2.60bc	8.84	-
小麦麸 Wheat bran	24	112	12.13±1.86a	12.23	13.04
小麦DDGS Wheat DDGS	4	16	11.53±7.16a	9.73	-
碎米 Broken rice	20	54	1.62±0.88e	1.67	1.43
米糠 Rice bran	22	122	6.55±2.30c	7.38	9.87
P值 P-value			＜0.001
总平均值 Total average			7.16

样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	铜含量Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)
样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean	13	110	12.60±0.69d	12.54	12.97
大豆粕 Soybean meal	23	330	14.09±1.26cd	14.15	12.54
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	21	165	6.45±2.24e	5.65	5.23
棉籽粕 Cottonseed meal	14	106	13.54±1.88cd	13.41	13.41
花生粕 Peanut meal	11	49	16.05±2.67c	15.13	12.91
亚麻粕 Linseed meal	3	19	21.45±10.71b	18.55	-
葵花粕 Sunflower meal	3	15	30.40±7.33a	27.01	-
P值 P-value			＜0.001
总平均值 Total average			16.37

样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	铜含量Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)
样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode
鱼粉 Fish meal	14	57	14.46±11.37b	8.96	6.70
肉粉 Meat meal	12	24	10.11±4.58b	8.68	-
水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal	16	34	9.57±2.71b	9.97	7.52
肠膜蛋白粉 Dried porcine soluble	3	9	10.73±2.30b	9.23	-
血浆蛋白粉 Plasma protein powder	16	32	20.04±4.93a	22.37	-
血球蛋白粉 Blood cells protein powder	16	28	1.90±0.52c	2.06	1.68
P值 P-value			＜0.001
总平均值 Total average			11.14

样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	铜含量Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)
样品名称 Name of samples	省(市、区)数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	平均值±标准差 Mean ± standard deviation	中位数 Median	众数 Mode
羊草 Leymus chinensis	7	35	4.31±1.51b	3.74	2.81
黑麦草 Ryegrass	16	72	7.97±3.39a	7.70	8.59
苜蓿 Alfalfa	25	93	9.20±1.88a	8.96	7.12
青贮玉米 Corn silage	23	88	9.92±2.46a	8.77	7.75
P值 P-value			＜0.001
总平均值 Total average			7.85

A Survey on Distribution of Copper Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

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饲粮类型 Type of diet	鸡 Chickens		猪 Pigs
饲粮类型 Type of diet	配方数 No. of formulas	铜含量 Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)	配方数 No. of formulas	铜含量 Cu contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米-豆粕 Corn-soybean meal	22	6.54±0.40	25	5.77±0.39
玉米-油籽粕 Corn-oilseed meals	20	5.62±0.68	15	5.82±0.34
多谷-豆粕 Cereals-soybean meal	16	5.70±0.60	23	5.59±0.70
多谷-油籽粕 Cereals-oilseed meals	15	5.07±0.47	16	5.48±0.73

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