Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 1993-2001.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.014

Special Issue: MINERAL IN FEEDSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

• SPECIAL FOCUS: MINERAL IN FEEDSTUFFS FOR LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

A Survey on Distribution of Manganese Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

WANG ChuanLong1,ZHANG LiYang1,LIU GuoQing1,WANG LiSai1,2,YANG Liu1,2,XING GuanZhong1,2,SHAO YuXin1,MA XueLian1,LI SuFen2,WANG LiangZhi1,3,LIU YuanDong4,LÜ Lin1,LIAO XiuDong1(),LUO XuGang1()   

  1. 1 Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
    2 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004
    3 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041
    4 Beijing Yuanchuang Zhihui Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100020
  • Received:2019-03-07 Accepted:2019-05-08 Online:2019-06-01 Published:2019-06-11
  • Contact: XiuDong LIAO,XuGang LUO E-mail:liaoxd56@163.com;wlysz@263.net

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Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to study the manganese (Mn) contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces (municipalities, regions) and the basal diets of pigs and chickens in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable addition of Mn to the diets. 【Method】 A total of 37 kinds of 3 922 feed samples from 31 provinces, municipalities and regions were digested by microwave, and then the Mn contents were measured by IRIS IntrepidⅡ plasma emission spectrometer. The feed samples fall into seven types: cereals (corn, wheat, rice and barley), cereal by-products (broken rice, wheat middling, wheat bran, rice bran, corn DDGS, wheat DDGS, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal), plant protein ingredients (extruded soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, linseed meal and sunflower seed meal), animal protein ingredients (fish meal, meat meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, dried porcine solubles, plasma protein powder and dried blood cells), straw ingredients (corn straw, sweet potato vine, rice straw and wheat straw), pasture ingredients (Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn silage) and mineral ingredients (limestone, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell meal and bone meal). 【Result】 The results showed that the average Mn contents of these 37 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 0.4 to 1 104.8 mg·kg -1, and the distribution regularities of Mn contents in different species of feed ingredients were as follows: mineral ingredients＞straw ingredients＞cereal by-productscpasture ingredients＞plant protein ingredients＞cereals＞animal protein ingredients. Among the same kind of feed samples, there were significant differences (P＜0.0003) in the Mn contents from all types of feed ingredients. In the cereals, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice (77.7 mg·kg -1) and corn (5.7 mg·kg -1), respectively; in the cereal by-products, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice bran (166.0 mg·kg -1) and corn gluten meal (4.6 mg·kg -1), respectively; in the plant protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rapeseed meal (68.0 mg·kg -1) and cottonseed meal (27.0 mg·kg -1), respectively; in the animal protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the fish meal (48.5 mg·kg -1) and dried blood cells (0.4 mg·kg -1), respectively; in the straw ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the rice straw (458.1 mg·kg -1) and wheat straw (37.8 mg·kg -1), respectively; in the pasture feeds, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the Leymus chinensis (89.1 mg·kg -1) and alfalfa (33.0 mg·kg -1), respectively; in the mineral ingredients, the highest and lowest Mn contents were observed in the dicalcium phosphate (1 104.8 mg·kg -1) and bone meal (16.9 mg·kg -1), respectively. Regional comparisons on a basis of provinces (regions) were made of Mn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal, showing significant effects (P＜0.0004) of regional environments on Mn contents in corn and soybean meal. The highest and lowest Mn contents of corn were observed in Guizhou (7.9 mg·kg -1) and Inner Mongolia (4.2 mg·kg -1), respectively; the highest and lowest Mn contents of soybean meal were observed in Zhejiang province (48.3 mg·kg -1) and Guangdong province (34.4 mg·kg -1), respectively. Calculated Mn contents in basal diets from 142 common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country ranged from 14.4 to 32.1 mg·kg -1. According to Mn requirements of pigs and chickens from feeding standards of China and NRC of the United States, the Mn contents in the basal diets could provide about one-fourth and all the nutritional needs of recommended Mn requirements for pigs and chickens, respectively. 【Conclusion】 The above results showed that the Mn contents in feed ingredients varied greatly in different kinds and regions, and the Mn contents in basal diets from common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country could partly provide the nutritional requirements for chickens and the full needs of pigs. However, the bioavailabilities of Mn in different feed ingredients have not been considered in above evaluation. Therefore, the Mn contents in feed ingredients of different kinds and regions should be considered in the preparation of diets, so as to formulate the diets accurately and ensure efficient production of livestock and poultry and reduce supplemental Mn level and environmental pollution caused by Mn emission.

Key words: feedstuff, manganese content, pig, chicken

"

样品名
Name of samples		 省（市、区）数
No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)		 样品数
No. of samples		 锰含量
Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
玉米 Corn 30 1191 5.7±0.4D
小麦 Wheat 28 251 40.0±1.6B
稻谷 Rice 30 207 77.7±4.3A
大麦 Barley 15 28 21.5±1.4C
P值P value <0.0001
总体平均值 Total average 38.7
碎米 Broken rice 20 54 11.2±1.1c
次粉 Wheat middling 20 50 77.7±7.3b
小麦麸 Wheat bran 24 112 146.8±6.8c
米糠 Rice bran 22 122 166.0±12.4a
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS 13 96 18.2±0.7c
小麦 DDGS Wheat DDGS 4 16 67.1±19.1b
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal 7 49 13.8±1.9c
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal 17 90 4.6±0.7c
P值 P value <0.0001
总体平均值Total average 75.9

"

样品名
Name of samples		 省（市、区）数
No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)		 样品数
No. of samples		 锰含量
Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean 13 109 31.4±0.8d
豆粕 Soybean meal 23 338 38.4±0.9bc
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal 16 164 68.0±2.0a
棉粕 Cottonseed meal 13 105 27.0±4.2d
花生粕 Peanut meal 11 48 48.4±3.8bc
亚麻粕 Linseed meal 3 18 59.5±20.8ab
葵花粕 Sunflower seed meal 3 14 35.8±5.7d
P值P value <0.0001
总体平均值Total average 44.5

Table 3

Distribution of Mn contents in animal protein feeds (air-dry basis)"

样品名
Name of samples		 省（市、区）数
No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)		 样品数
No. of samples		 锰含量
Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
鱼粉 Fish meal 14 57 48.5±14.3a
肉粉 Meat meal 12 24 20.9±7.5b
水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal 15 34 28.2±5.0ab
肠系膜蛋白粉 Dried porcine soluble 3 9 15.4±2.3b
血浆蛋白粉 Plasma protein powder 16 32 5.4±2.1b
血球蛋白粉 Dried blood cells 16 28 0.4±0.1b
P值P value <0.0001
总体平均值Total average 19.6

Table 4

Distribution of Mn contents in straw feeds (air-dry basis)"

样品名
Name of samples		 省（市、区）数
No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)		 样品数
No. of samples		 锰含量
Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
玉米秸 Corn straw 30 84 52.0±6.0b
小麦秸 Wheat straw 23 55 37.8±5.6b
稻秸 Rice straw 29 84 458.1±56.0a
甘薯藤 Sweet potato vine 12 21 107.2±17.7b
P值P value <0.0001
总体平均值Total average 180.8

Table 5

Distribution of Mn contents in pasture feeds (air-dry basis)"

样品名
Name of samples		 省（市、区）数
No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)		 样品数
No. of samples		 锰含量
Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
羊草 Leymus chinensis 7 35 89.1±32.7a
黑麦草 Ryegrass 16 72 86.5±15.7a
苜蓿 Alfalfa 25 93 33.0±2.5b
青贮玉米 Corn silage 23 88 41.4±3.9b
P值P value 0.0002
总体平均值Total average 53.3

Table 6

Distribution of Mn contents in mineral feeds (air-dry basis)"

样品名
Name of samples		 省（市、区）数
No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)		 样品数
No. of samples		 锰含量
Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
石粉 Limestone 18 64 118.3±21.6b
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate 13 44 1104.8±240.2a
骨粉 Bone meal 15 27 16.9±2.0b
贝壳粉 Oyster shell meal 5 9 71.5±20.8b
P值P value <0.0001
总体平均值Total average 335.4

Table 7

Distribution of Mn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal in some provinces (regions) of China (air-dry basis)"

省（区）名
Name of provinces (Regions)		 玉米锰含量
Mn contents of
corn (mg·kg-1)		 省（区）名
Name of provinces
(Regions)		 小麦锰含量
Mn contents of
wheat (mg·kg-1)		 省（区）名
Name of provinces
(Regions)		 豆粕锰含量
Mn contents of soybean meal (mg·kg-1)
贵州 Guizhou 7.9±2.3(39)a 湖北 Hubei 51.0±5.0(8) 浙江 Zhejiang 48.3±5.7(12)a
山东 Shandong 6.1±0.2(54)b 新疆 Xinjiang 45.7±1.9(10) 陕西 Shaanxi 42.2±1.7(15)b
广西 Guangxi 5.8±0.2(36)b 陕西 Shaanxi 44.8±2.4(9) 河南 Henan 40.1±1.3(15)bc
安徽 Anhui 5.7±0.2(44)bc 河南 Henan 43.2±5.7(26) 内蒙古Inner Mongolia 39.2±1.4(30)bcd
黑龙江 Heilongjiang 5.6±0.2(78)bc 甘肃 Gansu 41.7±2.5(9) 河北 Hebei 38.9±0.8(27)bcd
河北 Hebei 5.5±0.2(55)bc 山东 Shandong 37.7±2.8(14) 辽宁 Liaoning 38.1±0.9(22)bcd
湖北 Hubei 5.3±0.2(38)bc 山西 Shanxi 37.6±2.1(14) 吉林 Jilin 38.1±1.9(11)bcd
甘肃 Gansu 5.3±0.7(42)bc 安徽 Anhui 36.9±2.9(14) 山东 Shandong 37.9±1.0(20)bcd
山西 Shanxi 5.2±0.1(83)bc 江苏 Jiangsu 36.2±2.9(16) 福建 Fujian 37.5±1.2(17)bcd
吉林 Jilin 5.2±0.1(60)bc 四川 Sichuan 31.9±2.1(8) 安徽 Anhui 37.0±1.0(18)cd
四川 Sichuan 5.1±0.1(44)bc 河北 Hebei 30.7±1.8(19) 湖北 Hubei 36.4±1.4(10)cd
新疆 Xinjiang 5.1±0.2(48)bc 黑龙江 Heilongjiang 35.5±0.6(50)cd
陕西Shaanxi 5.0±0.1(41)bc 江苏 Jiangsu 35.2±0.1(15)cd
辽宁 Liaoning 4.8±0.1(53)bc 广东 Guangdong 34.4±0.9(20)d
云南 Yunnan 4.7±0.1(27)bc
河南 Henan 4.7±0.1(54)bc
江苏 Jiangsu 4.6±0.1(46)bc
内蒙古Inner Mongolia 4.2±0.1(52)c
P值P value 0.0003 P值P value 0.0600 P值P value <0.0001
总体平均值Total average 5.3 总体平均值Total average 39.2 总体平均值Total average 38.0

Table 8

Mn contents in basal diets for pigs and chickens in China (air-dry basis)"

饲料类型
Type of diet		 猪Pigs 鸡Chickens
配方数 No. of formulas 含锰量 Mn contents (mg·kg-1) 配方数 No. of formulas 含锰量 Mn contents (mg·kg-1)
玉米-豆粕 Corn-soybean meal 25 23.7±1.6 22 17.2±0.3
玉米-油籽粕 Corn-oilseed meals 15 17.3±1.2 20 14.4±0.7
多谷-豆粕 Cereals-soybean meal 23 32.1±2.3 16 24.5±2.1
多谷-油籽粕 Cereals-oilseed meals 16 27.4±1.1 15 19.8±1.8
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