我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素锌含量分布的调查

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.11.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this survey was to study the zinc (Zn) contents in various feed ingredients from different provinces and the basal diets of pigs and chickens in China, so as to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable addition of Zn in the livestock and poultry’s diets. 【Method】 A total of 37 kinds of 3 919 feed samples from 31 provinces, municipalities and regions were digested by microwave, and then the Zn contents were measured by IRIS IntrepidⅡplasma emission spectrometer. The feed samples fall into seven types: cereals (corn, wheat, rice and barley), cereal by-products (broken rice, wheat middling, wheat bran, rice bran, corn DDGS, wheat DDGS, corn germ meal and corn gluten meal), plant protein ingredients (extruded soybean, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal, linseed meal and sunflower seed meal), animal protein ingredients (fish meal, meat meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, dried porcine solubles, plasma protein powder and dried blood cells), straw ingredients (corn straw, sweet potato vine, rice straw and wheat straw), pasture ingredients (Leymus chinensis, ryegrass, alfalfa and corn silage) and mineral ingredients (limestone, dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell meal and bone meal).【Result】 The results showed that the average Zn contents of these 37 kinds of feed ingredients ranged from 5.5 to 268.2 mg·kg ^-1, and the distribution of Zn contents in different species of feed ingredients was as follows: mineral ingredients (107.8 mg·kg ^-1)＞animal protein ingredients (69.8 mg·kg ^-1)＞plant protein ingredients (54.9 mg·kg ^-1)＞cereal by-products (43.0 mg·kg ^-1)＞pasture ingredients (26.4 mg·kg ^-1)＞cereals (22.7 mg·kg ^-1)＞straw ingredients (18.8 mg·kg ^-1). Among the same kind of feed samples, there were significant differences (P＜0.05) in the Zn contents from other six types of feed ingredients except pasture ingredients. In the mineral ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the dicalcium phosphate (268.2 mg·kg ^-1) and limestone (7.3 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the animal protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the hydrolyzed feather meal (120.8 mg·kg ^-1) and dried blood cells (19.6 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the plant protein ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the linseed meal (85.2 mg·kg ^-1) and extruded soybean (38.9 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the cereal by-products, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the wheat bran (86.2 mg·kg ^-1) and broken rice (12.5 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the cereals, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the wheat (30.4 mg·kg ^-1) and corn (16.9 mg·kg ^-1), respectively; in the straw ingredients, the highest and lowest Zn contents were observed in the rice straw (27.6 mg·kg ^-1) and wheat straw (5.5 mg·kg ^-1), respectively. Regional comparison of Zn contents on a basis of provinces (regions) were made for Zn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal, showing a significant effect (P＜0.05) of regional environments on Zn contents of the same ingredient. The highest and lowest Zn contents of corn were observed in Guangdong (20.6 mg·kg ^-1) and Jilin (13.7 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively; the highest and lowest Zn contents of wheat were observed in Sichuan (41.4 mg·kg ^-1) and Gansu (22.4 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively; the highest and lowest Zn contents of soybean meal were observed in Shanxi (51.5 mg·kg ^-1) and Jiangsu (46.6 mg·kg ^-1) provinces, respectively. Calculated Zn contents in basal diets from 142 common formulations of pigs and chickens in our country ranged from 21.3 to 31.0 mg·kg ^-1. According to Zn requirements of pigs and chicks from feeding standards of China and NRC of United States, the Zn contents in the basal diets could provide about one-fourth and one-second of the recommended Zn requirements for pigs and chickens in growing and finishing phase, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Results showed that the Zn contents in feed ingredients varied greatly among different kinds and regions, and the Zn contents in basal diets from common formulations of pigs and chickens could partly meet the nutrient requirements of pigs and chickens. Therefore, the Zn contents in basal diets from different regions should be considered in the preparation of diets, so as to meet the need of efficient production of livestock and poultry and to reduce supplemental Zn level and environmental pollution caused by Zn emission.

Key words: feedstuff, zinc contents, pig, chicken

SHAO YuXin, ZHANG LiYang, MA XueLian, WANG LiangZhi, LIU DongYuan, LÜ Lin, LIAO XiuDong, LUO XuGang. A Survey on Distribution of Zinc Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11): 2002-2010.

Figures/Tables 8

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Distribution of Zn contents of corn, wheat and soybean meal in some provinces (regions) of China (mg·kg-1, air-dry basis)"

省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	玉米锌含量 Zn contents of corn	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	小麦锌含量 Zn contents of wheat	省（区）名 Name of provinces (Regions)	豆粕锌含量 Zn contents of soybean meal
广西 Guangxi	20.6±4.9(36)a	四川 Sichuan	41.4±6.3(8)a	山西 Shanxi	51.5±1.4(4)a
山东 Shandong	20.5±3.4(54)a	湖北 Hubei	30.5±4.6(8)b	吉林 Jilin	51.1±3.5(11)ab
河北 Hebei	20.2±4.9(55)a	江苏 Jiangsu	28.6±3.8(16)bc	河南 Henan	51.0±1.6(15)ab
贵州 Guizhou	19.8±1.2(39)a	安徽 Anhui	27.8±5.2(14)bcd	安徽 Anhui	50.1±2.3(18)abc
湖北 Hubei	18.5±2.5(38)b	河南 Henan	27.8±6.7(26)bcd	河北 Hebei	49.6±3.3(27)abcd
四川 Sichuan	18.2±2.3(44)b	陕西 Shaanxi	26.9±6.0(9)bcd	辽宁 Liaoning	49.5±1.1(22)abcd
云南 Yunan	17.7±4.1(27)bc	山西 Shanxi	26.8±8.3(14)bcd	湖北 Hubei	49.1±3.0(10)bcde
安徽 Anhui	17.6±3.6(44)bc	山东 Shandong	26.5±5.3(14)bcd	四川 Sichuan	49.0±1.8(8)bcde
河南 Henan	17.2±2.6(54)bcd	新疆 Xinjiang	24.9±7.4(10)bcd	山东 Shandong	48.4±2.5(20)cdef
山西 Shanxi	17.1±3.1(83)bcd	河北 Hebei	24.3±4.7(19)cd	黑龙江 Heilongjiang	47.6±2.2(50)def
陕西Shaanxi	16.6±4.3(41)cde	甘肃 Gansu	22.4±5.7(9)d	内蒙古Inner Mongolia	46.9±3.8(30)ef
江苏 Jiangsu	16.1±2.4(46)de			江苏 Jiangsu	46.6±0.6(15)f
辽宁 Liaoning	15.3±2.6(53)ef
甘肃 Gansu	14.4±3.6(42)fg
黑龙江 Heilongjiang	14.4±2.1(78)fg
新疆 Xinjiang	14.3±3.3(48)fg
内蒙古Inner Mongolia	13.8±1.1(52)g
吉林 Jilin	13.7±2.1(60)g
P值P value	<0.0001	P值P value	<0.0001	P值P value	<0.0001
总体平均值Total average	16.8	总体平均值 Total average	27.9	总体平均值Total average	48.7

Table 7

Table 8

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样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
玉米 Corn	29	1152	16.9±2.6D
小麦 Wheat	27	244	30.4±6.7A
稻谷 Rice	29	202	20.2±3.2C
大麦 Barley	14	29	24.8±5.3B
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			22.7
碎米 Broken rice	19	52	12.5±1.8de
次粉 Wheat middling	18	45	49.8±15.6bc
小麦麸 Wheat bran	24	110	86.2±14.0a
米糠 Rice bran	22	117	38.7±10.5c
玉米DDGS Corn DDGS	13	92	44.9±6.0bc
小麦 DDGS Wheat DDGS	4	16	35.1±8.6cd
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	7	49	45.2±8.5bc
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	17	88	14.3±4.7de
P值 P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			43.0

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean	13	98	38.9±3.9d
豆粕 Soybean meal	23	336	49.1±1.6cd
菜籽粕 Rapeseed meal	20	55	61.2±7.9b
棉粕 Cottonseed meal	14	106	56.5±8.2bc
花生粕 Peanut meal	11	49	61.6±9.0b
亚麻粕 Linseed meal	3	19	85.2±46.2a
葵花粕 Sunflower seed meal	3	15	68.0±28.6b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			54.9

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
鱼粉 Fish meal	14	57	76.9±27.5b
肉粉 Meat meal	12	24	97.4±29.6ab
水解羽毛粉 Hydrolyzed feather meal	16	34	120.8±28.4a
肠系膜蛋白粉 Dried porcine solubles	3	9	100.7±16.8ab
血浆蛋白粉 Plasma protein powder	11	23	21.1±23.0c
血球蛋白粉 Dried blood cells	16	28	19.6±3.0c
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			69.8

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
羊草 Leymus chinensis	7	34	24.7±14.7
黑麦草 Ryegrass	16	72	32.3±27.7
苜蓿 Alfalfa	25	93	25.9±15.0
青贮玉米 Corn silage	23	87	23.4±13.2
P值P value			0.493
总体平均值Total average			26.4

样品名 Name of samples	省（市、区）数 No. of provinces (municipalities, regions)	样品数 No. of samples	锌含量 Zn contents (mg·kg^-1)
石粉 Limestone	18	65	7.3±5.6c
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate	13	45	268.2±170.0a
贝壳粉 Oyster shell meal	5	9	14.2±18.6c
骨粉 Bone meal	15	28	120.4±22.1b
P值P value			<0.0001
总体平均值Total average			107.8

A Survey on Distribution of Zinc Contents in Feedstuffs for Livestock and Poultry in China

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