氮肥和密度对毯状苗移栽油菜碳氮积累、运转和利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.18.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to discuss the relationship between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism and yield in transplanting rapeseed with blanket seedling, the effects of different N application rates and planting densities on accumulation, translocation and utilization efficiency of carbon and nitrogen were studied. 【Method】 In this study, Ningza 1818 was planted by artificial transplanting with blanket seedling. The differences of C and N accumulation and translocation rates before and after flowering period, carbon utilization efficiency for grain production (CUEg) and nitrogen utilization efficiency for grain production (NUEg) under different years, nitrogen application rates and densities were studied. 【Result】The results showed that transplanting rapeseed with blanket seedling could obtain high yield (3 750 kg·hm^-2) under suitable conditions. The yield increased significantly with increased densities under 0 and 225 kg·hm^-2 N rates. There was no significant difference among 1 plant per spot, 2 plants per spot and 3 plants per spot with 125 000 spots/hm² transplanting density under 300 kg·hm^-2 N rate. The ability of C accumulation was significantly higher than that of N accumulation in rapeseed. The average C/N ratio before and after the early flowering period was 16.30 and 114.37, respectively. The CUEg and NUEg were declined with the increased N application, and the decline rates of NUEg were higher than those of CUEg. From the flowering period to the ripening period, the N translocation rate of the leaf was the highest, while that of the stem and the root ranked the second and the last, respectively. The N translocation rate of the leaf, stem and root from the flowering period to the ripening period ranged from 73.90% to 78.56%, 38.96% to 67.08% and 24.45% to 37.06% under different treatments. The differences of the N translocation rates of the leaf were slight, whereas those of the stem and root increased with increased N rates. From the flowering period to the ripening period, the C translocation rates of the leaf were positive values, which ranged from 23.16% to 29.08%. It increased generally as the N rates increased, and the differences resulted from N treatments were slight. From the flowering period to the ripening period, the root and the stem still accumulated C, and the C translocation rates of the root and the stem were negative values.【Conclusion】In the areas with the late harvest date of former crops, mechanical transplanting technology with blanket seedling could improve the production capacity of rapeseed. The ability of N metabolism before flowering was higher than that of after-flowering period while the ability of C metabolism had an opposite trend. N supply at early stage was conducive to form nutrition framework, which promoted the accumulation of C and yield formation from the flowering period to the ripening period.

Key words: rapeseed, nitrogen, density, carbon and nitrogen translocation, C/N ratio

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Effects of Nitrogen and Planting Density on Accumulation, Translocation and Utilization Efficiency of Carbon and Nitrogen in Transplanting Rapeseed with Blanket Seedling

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