利用河南-海南两地三季生态差异鉴定玉米品种丰产稳产性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.20.006

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to speed up the screening identification of a high-stable yield and eurytopicity maize hybrid.【Method】This experiment was conducted for three production seasons, using 11 maize varieties (combinations) under 6 kinds of evaluation environments of two ecological regions in Zhengzhou of Henan Province (Henan) and Sanya of Hainan Province (Hainan) during 2011-2012. Through comparisons with the evaluation results of these corn varieties (combinations) in 2011 in nine cities of Henan Province, we analyzed the difference between the two ecological environment conditions to examine the correlation and stability of yield and main agronomic characteristics between them.【Result】These results indicated that the ecological environments were appreciably different between Henan and Hainan, compared with Henan, lighting hours of phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ of Hainan increased by 2.69% and 11.17%, respectively. The average temperature increase was -0.39% and 11.02%, while the rainfall decreased by 15.49% and 8.15% respectively of the maize growth period. The sources of energy in Henan gave priority to shortwave radiation, with phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ in Hainan mainly being longwave radiation. The growth period of phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ in Hainan was shortened by 5.7 days and 7.02 days respectively more than in Henan, yet the main maize agronomic characters in the two places had certain correlations. It could be effective to use the natural environmental conditions of Hainan to identify the growth period duration, plant height, ear diameter, bare tip length, ear rows, numbers of tassel branch, ear-leaf length, and basal third eustipes length of varieties, it is more effective to select in phase Ⅱ of Hainan except the kernel rate. It was appropriate to identify the ear position height, spike length, grain numbers per spike, grain numbers per ear, thousand seed weight, yield, the number of internodes, the ear leaf width, and the base of the third quarter stem diameter. It was appropriate to identify the bacterial wilt and corn rust in Hainan, and leaf spot diseases and maize rough dwarf disease in Henan, with the consistent identification performance for those diseases in both Henan and Hainan. The suitable density in Henan and the arid barren treatment in phase Ⅱ of Hainan were the best among the 6 kinds of evaluation environments, with a strong discriminability and a good representativeness. The normal management of phases Ⅰ and Ⅱ in Hainan came second, while the high density in Henan and the arid barren treatment in phase of Hainan were suitable for the elimination of poor stability varieties. The results showed that the yield differences between different varieties were large under various environmental conditions. It was impossible to exactly evaluate the comprehensive performance of varieties using just one kind of ecological environment.【Conclusion】Partial characteristics of maize varieties (combinations) could be validly selected in Hainan, however, it was more effective to appraise high-stable yield maize varieties (combinations) in all directions using multiple environmental conditions of three quarters of the two locations in one year of Henan and Hainan.

Key words: maize, new variety (combinations), yield stability, eurytopicity, ecological environment, evaluation methodology, Henan, Hainan

HUANG Lian-fu, DONG Peng-fei, LI Hong-ping, LI Chao-hai. The Identification of High-Stable Yield Maize Varieties Using the Henan-Hainan Ecological Difference in Three Growing Season[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(20): 4042-4055.

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