中国耕地保育技术创新不足已危及粮食安全与环境安全

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.12.010

Abstract

Abstract: With yield increasing, the agrochemical inputs had been raised by 3.6 times since the beginning of 1980s. Over the same period, however, the crop land fertility management techniques of farmers had not been improved obviously. Blind and excessive application of fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation had been frequently involved in crop production to compensate technological shortages. Lack of technology for arable land fertility management not only caused over expending of fertilizer and water resources, but also led to soil quality degradation, production cost increase and pollution of water, soil, air and farm products. It endangered environmental safety and food security. Analyses showed that there were mainly two obstacles for improving farmers' techniques. The first one was the weakening of applied researches and applied basic researches. Over the years, the nonprofit state and provincial professional research institutions, which were formerly responsible to carry out soil and fertilization field experiments had changed their main focus into more generalized scientific questions as those from the universities. Due to such changes, the implementation of long-term studies, which were essential for developing regional technical indexes and standard for best fertilization and tillage practices had become more and more difficult., There were seldom technical indexes and standards that were understandable for farmers in different regions. The second one was missing of agricultural technology extension services. To solve the problems, improvements in following areas should be made: firstly, to restore and maintain the specialized features of state and provincial research institutes for soil and fertilizer research works; secondly, to keep a certain stability for topics of research program concerning with land fertility management techniques and to ensure the program with the necessary duration; thirdly, to try a new way for technical extension of best soil and fertilizer management practice，that may be supported by modern information, communication and intelligent techniques and more suitable for current rural conditions of the country.

Key words: arable land fertility management, soil quality, fertilization, applied researches, environmental safety

ZHANG Wei-li, XU Ai-guo, ZHANG Ren-lian, JI Hong-jie. Shortage of Innovative Technology for Arable Land Fertility Management Endangered Food Security and Environmental Safety in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(12): 2374-2378.

0
/ / Recommend

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.12.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/EN/Y2015/V48/I12/2374

References

[1] 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴. 中国统计出版社, 1981-2014.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Statistical Yearbook. China Statistics Press, 1981-2014. (in Chinese)

[2] 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国农村统计年鉴. 中国统计出版社, 1991-2013.
National Bureau of Statistics of China. China Rural Statistical Yearbook. China Statistics Press, 1991-2013. (in Chinese)

[3] FAO. FAO-Statistics, 1971-2013. http://www.fao.org/statistics/en/.

[4] 中国地下水监测信息网. http://219.142.70.139/dxs/HydRes.htm.

China Groundwater Monitoring Information Network. http://219.142. 70.139/dxs/HydRes.htm.

[5] 沈彦俊. 华北平原地下水与农业可持续性. 中国生态农业学报, 2014, 12(8): 873-874.
Shen Y J. Groundwater of North China Plain and agricultural sustainability. Eco-Agriculture Journal of China, 2014, 12(8): 873-874. (in Chinese)

[6] 新华网. 华北地下水超采严重已形成世界上最大漏斗区. 2014. http://news.xinhuanet.com/2014-05/07/c_1110568183.htm.
Xinhuanet. Serious groundwater overexploitation of North China plain has caused the largest funnel area of world. 2014. http://news. xinhuanet.com/2014-05/07/c_1110568183.htm. (in Chinese)

[7] Zhang W L, Tian Z X, Zhang N, Li X Q. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 1996, 59: 223-231.

[8] 张维理, 武淑霞, 冀宏杰, Kolbe H. 中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策I: 21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(7): 1008-1017.
Zhang W L, Wu S X, Ji H J, Kolbe H. Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the alleviating strategies I: Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China in early 21 century. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004.37(7): 1008-1017. (in Chinese)

[9] 张维理, 徐爱国冀宏杰 Kolbe H. 中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策III: 中国农业面源污染控制中存在问题分析. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(7): 1026-1033.
Zhang W L, Xu A G, Ji H J, Kolbe H. Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the alleviating strategies III: analysis of the main problems in the control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(7): 1026-1033. (in Chinese)

[10] Umwelt Bundesamt. Hintergrundunpapier zu einer multimedialen Stickstoff-Emissionsminderungsstragtegie. 2008: 104. http://www. umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/hintergrundpapier-zu-einer-multimedialen.

Federal Environment Agency. Background paper for strategies to cut down multimedia nitrogen emission. 2008: 104. http://www. umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/hintergrundpapier-zu-einer-multimedialen. (in Germany)

[11] Umwelt Bundesamt. Integrierte Strategie zur Minderung von Stickstoffemissionen. 2008: 7. http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/ publikationen/integrierte-strategie-zur-minderung-von.

Federal Environment Agency. Integrated strategy for reduction of nitrogen emissions. 2008: 7. http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/ publikationen/ integrierte-strategie-zur-minderung-von. (in Germany)

[12] 中国行业研究网. 2013年中国粮食进口量创新高. 2013. http://www. chinairn.com/news/20130703/165001716.htm.
www.chinairn.com. China grain imports in 2013 created a new high. 2013. http://www.chinairn.com/news/20130703/165001716.htm. (in Chinese)

[13] 中国粮油信息网. 进口大量增加, 加剧粮食安全隐忧. 2015. http:// www.chinagrain.cn/liangyou/2015/3/19/201531910482570539.shtml..

Grain import increases induced food security concerns. 2015. http:// www.chinagrain.cn/liangyou/2015/3/19/201531910482570539.shtml. (in Chinese)

[14] OECD-FAO. Agricultural Outlook 2014. 2014: 323.

[15] Finck, A 100 Jahre Verband Deuther Landwirtschaftlicher. Untersuchungs- und Forschunsanstalten e V. VDLUFA, 1988.

Finck, A 100 Years Germany Association for Agricultural Experiment and Research Institution. eV. VDLUFA, 1988. (in Germany)

[16] Bundesministeriums der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Düngegesetz, 2009.

Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. Law for Fertilizers, 2009. (in Germany)

[17] Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten. VDLUFA Standpunkt: Phosphordüngung nach Bodenuntersuchung und Pflanzenbedarf. Darmstadt, 1997: 8.

Germany Association for Agricultural Experiment and Research Institution. VDLUFA-Standard: Phosphorus fertilization according to soil testing and plant requirement. Darmstadt, 1997: 8. (in Germany)

[18] Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs-und Forschungsanstalten. VDLUFA Standpunkt: Kalium-Düngung nach Bodenuntersuchung und Pflanzenbedarf Richtwerte für die Gehaltsklasse C. Darmstadt, 1997: 5.

Germany Association for Agricultural Experiment and Research Institution. VDLUFA-Standard: Potassium fertilization according to soil testing and plant requirement, Standard for content class C. Darmstad, 1997: 5. (in Germany)

[19] Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten. VDLUFA Standpunkt: Nährstoffbilanzierung im landwirtschaftlichen Betrieb. 2007.

Germany Association for Agricultural Experiment and Research Institution. VDLUFA-Standard: Nnutrient balancing at farm level. 2007. (in Germany)

[20] Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Verordnung über die Anwendung von Düngemitteln, Bodenhilfsstoffen, Kultursubstraten und Pflanzenhilfsmitteln nach den Grundsätzen der guten fachlichen Praxis beim Düngen (Düngeverordnung-DüV). 1996, 2006, 2012: 33.

Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. Regulation for application of fertilizers, soil conditioners, cultivation substrates, plant growth promoters according to best fertilization practice (Fertilizer regulation-DüV). 1996, 2006, 2012: 33. (in Germany)

[21] Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft. Umsetzung der Düngeverordnung: Hinweise und Richtwerte für die Praxis. 2007: 166.

Saxon State Institute for Agriculture. Implementation of the fertilizer regulation: Explanation and technical parameters for practice. 2007: 166. (in Germany)

[22] Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft und Geologie (LfULG). Düngungsempfehlungs- und Bilanzierungssystem BEFU. Dresden, 2013: 116.

Saxon State Bureaus for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG). BEFU- System for fertilization recommendation and balance calculation Dresden, 2013: 116. (in Germany)

[23] Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft. Programm BEFU Teil Ökologischer Landbau Verfahrensbeschreibung und PC-Anleitung zu Methoden der Bilanzierung und Düngungsbemessung. Dresden, 2007: 88.

Saxon State Institute for Agriculture. BEFU Program Organic Farming Part: Method description and PC manual for calculating bilance and fertilization. Dresden, 2007: 88. (in Germany)

[24] 中华人民共和国农业部. 肥料合理使用准则通则. 中华人民共和国农业部行业标准 NY/T496-2010. 2010: 6.
People's Republic of China Ministry of Agriculture. Professional standard: Rule of rational fertilization-General. 2010: 6. (in Chinese)

[25] 中华人民共和国农业部. 肥料合理使用准则氮肥. 中华人民共和国农业部行业标准 NY/T1105-2006. 2010: 7.
People's Republic of China Ministry of Agriculture. Professional standard: Rule of rational fertilization Nitrogen fertilizer. 2006: 7. (in Chinese)

[26] 中华人民共和国农业部. 肥料合理使用准则钾肥. 中华人民共和国农业部行业标准 NY/T1869-2010. 2010: 4.
People's Republic of China Ministry of Agriculture. Professional standard: Rule of rational fertilization Potash. 2010: 4. (in Chinese)

Related Articles 15

[1]	GUI RunFei,WANG ZaiMan,PAN ShengGang,ZHANG MingHua,TANG XiangRu,MO ZhaoWen. Effects of Nitrogen-Reducing Side Deep Application of Liquid Fertilizer at Tillering Stage on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Fragrant Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(8): 1529-1545.
[2]	ZOU WenXin, SU WeiHua, CHEN YuanXue, CHEN XinPing, LANG Ming. Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Application on Ammonia Oxidizer Communities for Nitrification in Acid Purple Soil [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(3): 529-542.
[3]	WAN HuaQin,GU Xu,HE HongMei,TANG YiFan,SHEN JianHua,HAN JianGang,ZHU YongLi. Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4445-4457.
[4]	HAN DongMei,HUANG ShiLian,OUYANG SiYing,ZHANG Le,ZHUO Kan,WU ZhenXian,LI JianGuang,GUO DongLiang,WANG Jing. Optimizing Management Mode of Disease and Nutrient During the Entire Fruit Development for Improving Postharvest Storability of Longan Fruit [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4279-4293.
[5]	WANG ChuHan,LIU Fei,GAO JianYong,ZHANG HuiFang,XIE YingHe,CAO HanBing,XIE JunYu. The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Component Content Under Nitrogen Reduction and Film Mulching [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3779-3790.
[6]	ZHANG WeiLi,FU BoJie,XU AiGuo,YANG Peng,CHEN Tao,ZHANG RenLian,SHI Zhou,WU WenBin,LI JianBing,JI HongJie,LIU Feng,LEI QiuLiang,LI ZhaoJun,FENG Yao,LI YanLi,XU YongBing,PEI Wei. Geostatistical Characteristics of Soil Data from National Soil Survey Works in China [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(13): 2572-2583.
[7]	XU FangLei,ZHANG Jie,LI Yang,ZHANG WeiWei,BO QiFei,LI ShiQing,YUE ShanChao. Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization of Spring Maize in Dry Farming on the Loess Plateau [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2360-2371.
[8]	WU TianQi,LI YaFei,SHI JiangLan,NING Peng,TIAN XiaoHong. Effects of Basal Nitrogen and Foliar Zinc Application at the Early Filling Stage on Zinc Enrichment and Protein Components Content in Wheat Grain [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 1971-1986.
[9]	WANG Cong,SUN HuiFeng,XU ChunHua,WANG ZhanFu,ZHANG JiNing,ZHANG XianXian,CHEN ChunHong,ZHOU Sheng. Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization from Vegetable Field Under Greenhouse Cultivation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 123-133.
[10]	LI ShuaiShuai, GUO JunJie, LIU WenBo, HAN ChunLong, JIA HaiFei, LING Ning, GUO ShiWei. Influence of Typical Rotation Systems on Soil Phosphorus Availability Under Different Fertilization Strategies [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(1): 96-110.
[11]	YanLing LIU,Yu LI,Yan ZHANG,YaRong ZHANG,XingCheng HUANG,Meng ZHANG,WenAn ZHANG,TaiMing JIANG. Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1188-1198.
[12]	LEI HaoJie,LI GuiChun,KE HuaDong,WEI Lai,DING WuHan,XU Chi,LI Hu. Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N₂O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 768-779.
[13]	REN JiaXin,LIU Jing,CHEN XuanJing,ZHANG YueQiang,ZHANG Yong,WANG Jie,SHI XiaoJun. Variation of Available Phosphorus in Purple Soil and Its Effects on Crop Yield of Rice-Wheat Rotation Under Long-Term Fertilizations [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4601-4610.
[14]	CAO HanBing,XIE JunYu,LIU Fei,GAO JianYong,WANG ChuHan,WANG RenJie,XIE YingHe,LI TingLiang. Mineralization Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Temperature Sensitivity in Wheat Field Under Film Mulching [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4611-4622.
[15]	ZHANG DanDan,XU TengTeng,GAO Di,QI Xin,NING Wei,RU ZhenYuan,ZHANG XiangDong,GUO TengLong,SHENTU LuYan,YU Tong,MA YangYang,LI YunSheng,ZHANG YunHai,CAO ZuBing. Transcription Factor TEAD4 Regulates Early Embryonic Development in Pigs [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(20): 4456-4465.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Comments

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Shortage of Innovative Technology for Arable Land Fertility Management Endangered Food Security and Environmental Safety in China

RichHTML

PDF

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0