滴灌施肥对两种典型作物系统土壤N2O排放的影响及其调控差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to ascertain the impact differences and emission reduction contribution of drip irrigation and fertilization on N₂O emissions from farmland of typical planting types in North China, and to clarify its comprehensive control mechanism, so as to provide scientific support and technical reserves for the optimization and control of regional agricultural production carbon and nitrogen and the promotion and application of drip fertilization technology in North China.【Method】Two typical crop planting modes (winter wheat-summer corn rotation and facility vegetable fields) were selected as the research objects, and four treatments were set, namely control (CK), conventional flood irrigation fertilization (FP), drip irrigation fertilization (FPD), and drip irrigation Optimized fertilization (OPTD). Continuous static observation and analysis of soil N₂O emissions from these two systems were performed by using automatic static chamber-gas chromatography.【Result】The changes of N₂O fluxes from the two crop systems were significantly positively correlated with the soil temperature of 5cm (P＜0.05), and both crop systems had the highest N₂O emission peak during the basal fertilizer period. In the greenhouse vegetable and food crop systems, the total cumulative N₂O emissions of FP treatment were the highest, reaching (5.47±0.23) and (1.70±0.02) kg N·hm^-2, respectively. For the N₂O emission intensity per unit yield, the FP treatment in the facility vegetable system was (159.72±2.47) g N·t^-1, which was much lower than the grain crop system (258.41±6.35) g N·t^-1. The focus of future N₂O emission reduction was still food crop production. Drip irrigation and fertilization could significantly reduce the total N₂O emissions of the two systems. Compared with FP treatment, drip irrigation and fertilization in facility vegetable systems could significantly reduce the total N₂O emissions by 19.0% (P＜0.05), while in food crop systems could be reduced by 35.0% (P＜0.05). In addition, when the nitrogen application rates of the two systems were reduced by 50% and 30%, the emission reduction contribution was expanded to 30.2% and 45.8%, respectively, while ensuring crop yields.【Conclusion】There were obvious differences in the characteristics of soil N₂O emissions from facility vegetable and food crop systems. The N₂O emission intensity of food crop production was significantly higher than that of facility vegetable production, and the further attention should be paid. At the same time, drip irrigation and fertilization technology could reduce N₂O emissions in two typical crop systems in North China farmland, but it had a greater contribution to N₂O emission reduction in the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system, and it had the potential for further application in the North China Plain.

Key words: drip irrigation and fertilization, facility vegetables, food crops, N₂O, emission reduction contribution

LEI HaoJie,LI GuiChun,KE HuaDong,WEI Lai,DING WuHan,XU Chi,LI Hu. Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N₂O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(4): 768-779.

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References 55

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试验点 Site	有机质 SOM (g·kg^-1)	pH	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	硝态氮 NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)
顺义Shunyi	14.3	7.2	1.22	128.1	1.69	11.7	3.2	147.5
桓台Huantai	19.6	—	29.81	167.9	1.58	—	0.7	18.4

试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg N·hm^-2)	化肥 Fertilizer (kg N·hm^-2)			灌溉方式 Irrigation method	总灌溉量 Irrigation water (mm)	施肥灌溉日期 Date
试验点 Site	处理 Treatment	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg N·hm^-2)	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	灌溉方式 Irrigation method	总灌溉量 Irrigation water (mm)	施肥灌溉日期 Date
顺义 Shunyi	CK	500	0	120	200	漫灌Flood	365	9/13;10/12;11/1;11/20;12/4
	FP	500	700	120	200	漫灌Flood	365
	FPD	500	700	120	200	滴灌Drip	269
	OPTD	500	350	120	200	滴灌Drip	269
桓台 Huantai	CK	—	0	84.7	118.3	漫灌Flood	591	10/14;11/7;4/6;4/30;5/13;5/28
	FP	—	270	84.7	118.3	漫灌Flood	591
	FPD	—	270	84.7	118.3	滴灌Drip	591
	OPTD	—	189	84.7	118.3	滴灌Drip	591

处理 Treatment	设施菜地系统 Facility vegetable system		粮食作物系统 Food crop system
处理 Treatment	排放总量 Cumulative emissions (kg N·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission coefficient (%)	排放总量 Cumulative emissions (kg N·hm^-2)	排放系数 Emission coefficient (%)
CK	1.50±0.12d	—	0.43±0.02d	—
FP	5.47±0.23a	0.57±0.05a	1.70±0.02a	0.47±0.01a
FPD	4.43±0.14b	0.42±0.00b	1.11±0.03b	0.29±0.01b
OPTD	3.82±0.06c	0.66±0.04a	0.92±0.10c	0.31±0.04b

Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N₂O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization

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Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N2O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization

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Analysis of Impacts and Regulation Differences on Soil N₂O Emissions from Two Typical Crop Systems Under Drip Irrigation and Fertilization