长期施肥紫色土有效磷变化及其对稻麦轮作产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.21.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Based on the analyses of soil Olsen-P variation in the purple soil and its effects on crop yield under long-term different fertilizations in the rice-wheat rotation, this paper provided a theoretical basis for efficient and rational P management in purple soil. 【Method】This study were conducted based on the 27-year rice-wheat rotation trial platform in the Purple Soil Fertility Monitoring Station of the national soil fertility monitoring network. The soil Olsen-P content and crop yields of 10 different fertilization treatments were measured and compared, including CK treatment (crops growing without fertilization), N, NP, NK, PK, NPK (treatments with different chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) fertilizations), and M, NPKS, NPKM, 1.5NPK+M (chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure (M) and straw return (S) treatments) from 1991 to 2018. Then, the plant P uptake per 100 kg grains yield and the recovery rate of P by different fertilizations were calculated and compared, respectively. The responses between soil Olsen-P increment and cumulative P depletion were explored. In addition, the response curve of crop yield to soil Olsen-P content in the purple soil was figured by different modelling methods. The agronomic critical value of Olsen-P content in purple soil was finally calculated. 【Result】Long-term application of P fertilizer could significantly increase soil Olsen-P content. The average annual increment of soil Olsen-P content was 0.80-2.32 mg·kg^-1 in P application treatments, whereas the soil Olsen-P content of CK, N, NK and M treatments decreased year by year to a steady state. The cumulative P surpluses by the 27-year P application treatments were 244.8-698.2 kg P·hm^-2, among which the cumulative P surplus of the 1.5NPK+M treatment was the highest. A significant linear correlation between cumulative soil P surplus and soil Olsen-P increment could be found in P application treatments. In detail, soil Olsen-P increased by 4.27-6.5 mg·kg^-1with 100 kg·P·hm^-2 cumulative surplus in P application treatments. Fertilization could significantly increase crop yields and P uptake in the long-term rice-wheat rotation system. The plant P uptake per 100 kg rice yield was 0.17-0.41 kg, whereas the plant P uptake per 100 kg wheat yield was 0.25-0.57 kg. The utilization rates of P under all treatments were 10.3%-39.7%. Four models (linear-platform model, linear-linear model, BoxLucas model, and Michelice model) were good for fitting the response of crop yield to Olsen-P content in purple soil. The agronomic critical value of Olsen-P content in purple soil of rice and wheat calculated by linear-linear model (with the highest R ²) were 13.28 mg·kg^-1 and 9.93 mg·kg^-1, respectively. 【Conclusion】Appropriate application of P fertilizer could significantly improve the P uptake of crop in rice-wheat rotation system on purple soil, crop yields and soil available P content. The linear-linear model was recommended to calculate the critical value of Olsen-P content in purple soil under rice-wheat rotation system. Application rates of P fertilizer should be adjusted timely according to the difference between actual soil Olsen-P content and agronomic critical value of Olsen-P content in productivity.

Key words: purple soil, rice-wheat rotation, long-term fertilization, Olsen-P content, total P balance, agronomic critical value of Olsen-P

REN JiaXin,LIU Jing,CHEN XuanJing,ZHANG YueQiang,ZHANG Yong,WANG Jie,SHI XiaoJun. Variation of Available Phosphorus in Purple Soil and Its Effects on Crop Yield of Rice-Wheat Rotation Under Long-Term Fertilizations[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(21): 4601-4610.

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处理 Treatment	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)		100 kg籽粒需磷量 P uptake per 100 kg grains yield (kg)
处理 Treatment	水稻Rice	小麦Wheat	水稻Rice	小麦Wheat
CK	6115.8±1271.1e	3099.9±790.9c	0.26±0.03b	0.33±0.06b
N	9458.1±1804.4c	3727.0±1382.8c	0.17±0.07c	0.25±0.02c
NP	11060.0±1886.9b	5667.5±1378.2b	0.38±0.04a	0.46±0.05a
NK	11151.5±1916.0b	3687.4±1632.2c	0.27±0.04b	0.25±0.05b
PK	7939.6±1120.4d	3698.0±1061.4c	0.38±0.03a	0.57±0.02a
NPK	12444.9±1793.3a	7015.6±1265.8a	0.36±0.03a	0.48±0.03a
NPKM	12441.7±2033.1a	6958.7±1369.1a	0.37±0.03a	0.50±0.06a
1.5NPKM	12760.5±1937.4a	7624.9±1590.5a	0.41±0.04a	0.52±0.03a
NPKS	13148.4±1910.1a	6883.9±1619.9a	0.39±0.02a	0.48±0.03a
M	8174.1±2174.2d	3161.9±913.2c	0.32±0.03b	0.39±0.05b

处理 Treatment	水稻季 Rice	小麦季 Wheat	全年 Annual
CK	—	—	—
N	—	—	—
NP	24.4±7.5b	12.3±2.4b	36.7±6.9b
NK	—	—	—
PK	14.2±2.0c	7.4±2.0c	21.5±2.7c
NPK	27.0±7.4a	17.4±3.1a	44.4±7.2a
NPKM	27.7±4.9a	17.1±2.7a	44.8±5.4a
1.5NPKM	31.1±7.4a	19.9±2.7a	50.9±7.3a
NPKS	32.9±6.5a	16.8±2.7a	49.6±5.2a
M	—	—	—

模型 Model	小麦 Wheat			水稻 Rice
模型 Model	农学阈值 Agronomy threshold (mg·kg^-1)	相对产量 Relative yield (%)	R²	农学阈值 Agronomy threshold (mg·kg^-1)	相对产量 Relative yield (%)	R²
线性-平台模型 LP	10.10	88.3	0.643**	14.34	92.4	0.427**
双直线模型 LL	9.93	87.5	0.654**	13.28	92.9	0.548**
BoxLucas模型 BL	9.17	79.5	0.595**	3.96	80.0	0.229**
米切里西模型 EXP	12.50	80.8	0.621**	10.01	84.0	0.414**
均值 Mean	10.44	84.1	—	10.73	87.4	—

Variation of Available Phosphorus in Purple Soil and Its Effects on Crop Yield of Rice-Wheat Rotation Under Long-Term Fertilizations

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