玉米规模化转基因技术体系构建及其应用

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.21.004

Abstract

Abstract: Maize has the most widely planted scope and the largest output in the world, and makes important contributions to food security. However, pests, weeds, drought, salinity and other biotic and abiotic stress seriously affect maize production. The application of transgenic maize varieties with insect-resistance, herbicide-tolerance, disease-resistance and other traits could reduce the maize yield losses. Maize large scale transformation system has developed rapidly, and the transgenic insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize varieties have also been commercially applied for 18 years, bringing huge economic, social and ecological benefits. Global biotech crop acreage increased from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 175 million hectares in 2013. The commercially used transgenic maize events were selected from a large number of independent transgenic events, and had several good characteristics, i.e. single copy of foreign genes, genetic stability, no vector backbone insertion, no effect on maize own traits. Foreign big companies and some public research institutions have established high efficient maize transformation system. In China, the study on maize transformation system started late, and currently the maize transformation system has been preliminarily established. However, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency and the scale of maize transformation system in China. Particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated method are two main methods for maize transformation system. The article describes the principle, the development process and the application of these two methods. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is the most mainstream of plant genetic transformation methods with the characteristics of low cost, low foreign gene copy number and stable gene expression, so Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method is more suitable for large scale maize transformation system. Over the last decade in China, some achievements have been made in maize transformation method by selecting good explants, optimizing Agrobacterium infection method. The established maize transformation system has also been used to develop a lot of valuable transgenic maize events with insect-resistance or herbicide-tolerance. The perspectives of the development of maize transformation were also discussed. The authors believe that the development trend of maize transformation system include: 1) screening explants from commercial maize inbred lines, 2) raising single-copy transformation event rates without enhancing vector backbone insertion, 3) multi-gene transformation technology, 4) gene targeting technology, 5) safety transformation technology. China should closely follow the development trend of maize transformation system, focus on the development of multi-gene transformation technology, gene targeting technology and safety transformation technology, to better serve the gene function research and the development of transgenic maize products. In China, if the transgenic maize events which were obtained by the large scale maize transformation system are commercially grown in the future, it will bring enormous economic, social and environmental benefits, and will promote the further development of maize transformation system. This review article might provide some useful information for the research on maize transformation system.

Key words: maize, large scale, transformation, system

LIU Yun-jun, JIA Zhi-wei, LIU Yan, ZHANG Deng-feng, LI Yu. Establishment and Application of Large-Scale Transformation Systems for Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(21): 4172-4182.

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