Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (19): 4007-4017.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.19.006

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Root in Different Soil Layers on Plant Growth and Yield Formation After Anthesis in Summer Maize

 WANG  Fei-Fei-1, ZHANG  Shan-Ping-1, SHAO  Li-Jie-1, LI  Geng-1, CHEN  Xiao-Lu-1, LIU  Peng-1, ZHAO  Bing-Qiang-2, DONG  Shu-Ting-1, ZHANG  Ji-Wang-1, ZHAO  Bin-1   

  1. 1.Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
    2.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2013-03-01 Online:2013-10-01 Published:2013-05-15

PDF

1278

Cited

8

Abstract: 【Objective】This study was conducted to evaluate the regulating effects of roots in different soil layers on plant growth after anthesis and yield formation in summer maize，aimed to provide theoretical supports for building high efficient root systems of maize and then increase grain yield of maize.【Method】Two high yield summer maize varieties, Zhengdan 958 (ZD) and Denghai 661 (DH), were used as experimental materials, and they were planted in soil columns. Three treatments (without cutting the roots, CK; cutting maize roots at 40 cm below the surface at anthesis, T-40; cutting roots at 80 cm below the surface at anthesis) were designed to evaluate the regulating effects of summer maize roots in different soil layers on shoot growth and yield formation.【Result】 The regulation of upper roots (0-40 cm) to nitrogen uptake and translocation was most significantly. While losing function of deep roots (below 40 cm) reduced nitrogen absorption capacity, and accelerated the transportation from nutritive organs to grain kernels. Deep roots below 40 cm had significant effects on leaves staying green and photosynthetic performance. Cutting deeper roots at anthesis significantly decreased green leaf area per plant, chlorophyll content, activity of SOD and Pn, and increased the content of MDA, shortened the duration of high photosynthesis and reduced biomass of plant and grain yield significantly. Intermediate roots (40-80 cm) had notable influence on grain numbers of per ear and grain weight; however, deeper roots had more significant effects on grain weight than grain numbers per ear.【Conclusion】Cutting upper roots (0-40 cm) reduced maize yield significantly. Intermediate roots had significant influences on grain numbers per ear and grain weight; deeper roots had significant effects on grain weight than grain numbers per ear. In high-yielding cultivation, keeping deep root actively can delay leaf senescence, enhance photosynthetic performance and absorption of nitrogen, and increase grain yield.

Key words: summer maize, root, photosynthesis, nitrogen uptake and translocation, yield

[1]Markus L, Richner W. Relation between maize (Zea mays L.) leaf area and root density observed with minirhizotrons. European Journal of Agronomy, 2001, 15: 1312-1411.

[2]王空军, 董树亭, 胡昌浩, 刘开昌, 张吉旺. 我国玉米品种更替过程中根系生理特性的演进Ⅰ. 根系活性与ATPase活性的变化. 作物学报, 2002, 28(2): 185-189.

Wang K J, Dong S T, Hu C H, Liu K C, Zhang J W. The evolution of physiological characteristics of maize root during varieties replacing in China, 1950 s to 1990 s Ⅰ. Changes of root vigor & ATPase activity. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2002, 28(2): 185-189. (in Chinese )

[3]王空军, 董树亭, 胡昌浩, 刘开昌, 张吉旺. 我国玉米品种更替过程中根系生理特性的演进 Ⅱ. 根系保护酶活性及膜脂过氧化作用的变化. 作物学报, 2002, 28(3): 384-388.

Wang K J, Dong S T, Hu C H, Liu K C, Zhang J W. The evolution of physiological characteristics of maize root during varietal replace in China, 1950s to 1990s Ⅱ.Changes of the protective enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation. Acta Agronomica. Sinica, 2002, 28(3): 384-388. (in Chinese)

[4]董树亭, 王空军, 胡昌浩. 玉米品种更替过程中群体光合特性的演变. 作物学报, 2000, 26(2): 201-204.

Dong S T, Wang K J, Hu C H. Development of canopy apparent photosynthesis among maize varieties from different eras. Acta Agronomica. Sinica, 2000, 26(2): 201-204. (in Chinese)

[5]Craine J M, Wedin D A, Chapin F S, Reich P B. Relationship between the structure of root systems and resource use for 11 North American grassland plants. Plant Ecology, 2003, 165: 85-100. 

[6]Vamerali T, Saccomani M, Bona S, Mosca G, Guarise M, Ganis A. A comparison of root characteristics in relation to nutrient and water stress in two maize hybrids. Plant Soil, 2003, 255: 157-167.

[7]张子山, 杨程, 高辉远, 李耕, 刘鹏. 保绿玉米与早衰玉米叶片衰老过程中叶绿素将解与光合作用化学活性的关系. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45(23): 4794-4800.

Zhang Z S, Yang C, Gao H Y, Li G, Liu P. Relationship between photochemistry activity and decrease in chlorophyⅡcontent during senescence in leaves of stay green and quick-leaf-senescence inbred line of maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinca, 2012, 45(23): 4794-4800. (in Chinese)

[8]Govindjee. A role for a light-harvesting antenna complex of photo systemⅡin photo protection. The Plant Cell, 2002, 14: 1663-1668.

[9]Lampurlane´s J, Cantero-Marti´nez C. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance under different tillage and crop management systems and their relationship with barley root growth. Agronomy Journal, 2003, 95: 526-536.

[10]Bouwman L A, Arts W B M. Effects of soil compaction on the relationships between nematodes grass production and soil physical properties. Applied Soil Ecology, 2000,14: 213-222.

[11]王空军, 郑洪健, 刘开昌, 张吉旺, 董树亭, 胡昌浩. 我国玉米品种更替过程中根系时空分布特性的演变植株.植物生态学报, 2001, 25(4): 472-475.

Wang K J, Zheng H J, Liu K C, Zhang J W, Dong S T, Hu C H. Evolution of maeze root distribution in space-time during maize varieties replacing in China. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2001, 25(4): 472-475. (in Chinese )

[12]胡昌浩, 董树亭, 岳寿松. 玉米栽培生理. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1992: 93-97.

Hu C H, Dong S T, Yue S S. Corn Cultivation Physiology. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1992: 93-97. (in Chinese)

[13]张玉芹, 张恒山, 高聚林, 张瑞富, 王志刚, 徐寿军, 范秀艳, 毕文波. 超高产春玉米的根系特征. 作物学报, 2011, 37(4): 735-743.

Zhang X Q, Zhang H S, Gao J L, Zhang R F, Wang Z G, Xu S J, Fan X Y, Bi W B,. Root characteristics of super high-yield spring maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(4): 735-743. (in Chinese)

[14]齐文增, 刘惠惠, 李耕, 邵立杰, 王飞飞, 刘鹏, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 赵斌. 超高产夏玉米根系时空分布特点. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 18(1): 69-76.

Qi W Z, Liu H H, Li G, Shao L J, Wang F F, Liu P, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Zhao B. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of super-high-yield summer maize root. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science. 2010, 18(1): 69-76. (in Chinese )

[15]张永清, 苗果园. 切断深层根系对黍子根系及地上部营养生长的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2006, 24(1): 134-137.

Zhang Y Q, Miao G Y. Effect of cutting deep root system on the growth of roots and aerial parts in proso millet. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2006, 24(1): 134-137. (in Chinese)

[16]朱德峰, 林贤青, 曹卫星. 水稻深层根系对生长和产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2001, 34(4): 429-432.

Zhu D F, Liu X Q, Cao W X. Effects of deep root on growth and yield in two rice varieties. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001, 34(4): 429-432. (in Chinese )

[17]刘斌辉, 刘子会, 张文英, 李源, 栗雨琴. 断根对不同根型小麦光合和生长的影响. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(S1): 99-103.

Liu B H, Liu Z H, Zhang W Y, Li Y, Li Y Q. Effects of roots-cutting on the photosynthetic rate and growth of winter wheat of different root types. Acta Agriculture Boreali-Sinica, 2008, 23(S1): 99-103. (in Chinese)

[18]王学奎, 张文华, 郝再斌, 历秀茹, 张玉琼, 王双明. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006: 134-208.

Wang X K, Zhang W H, Hao Z B, Li X R, Zhang Y Q, Wang S M. Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiment Principle and Technology. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2006: 134-208. (in Chinese)

[19]黄农荣, 钟旭华, 王丰, 郑海波. 超级杂交稻结实期根系活力与籽粒灌浆特性研究. 中国农业科学, 2006, 39(9): 1772-1779.

Huang N R, Zhong X H, Wang F, Zheng H B. Root vigor and grain-filling characteristics in super hybrid rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinca, 2006, 39(9): 1772-1779. (in Chinese)

[20]Casper B B, Jackson R B. Plant competition underground. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 1997, 28: 545-570.

[21]Jackson R B, Sperry J S, Dawson T E. Root water uptake and transport: Using physiological processes in global predictions. Trend in Plant Science, 2000, 510(1): 44-50.

[22]宋日, 吴春胜, 马丽艳. 有机无机肥料配合施用对玉米根系的影响. 作物学报, 2002, 28(3): 393-396.

Song R, Wu C S, Ma L Y. Effect of application of combined fertilizers on the root system of maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2002, 28(3): 393-396. (in Chinese )

[23]Qi W Z, Liu H H, Liu P, Dong S T, Zhao B Q, Hwant B S, Li G, Liu D F, Zhang J W, Zhao B. Morphological and physiological characteristics of corn (Zea may L.) roots from cultivars with different yield potentials. European Journal of Agronomy, 2012, 38: 54-63.

[24]杨兆生, 张立桢, 闫素红, 王俊娟, 梁文科, 李亚兵. 小麦开花后根系衰退及分布规律的初步研究. 华北农学报, 1999, 14(1): 28-31.

Yang Z S, Zhang L Z, Yan S H, Wang J J, Liang W K, Li Y B. Primary study on wheat root system growth, development and distribution of later season. Acta Agricul Turae Boreall-Sinica, 1999, 14(1): 28-31. (in Chinese )

[25]郭翠花, 苗果园, 高志强. 灌浆期断根对小麦产量及相关生理性状的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2007, 27(2): 331-334.

Guo C H, Miao G Y, Gao Z Q. Effect of pruning root in grain filling stage on yield and physiological characteristic of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2007, 27(2): 331-334. (in Chinese)

[26]王彦荣, 华泽田, 陈温福, 代贵金, 郝宪彬, 王岩, 张忠旭, 隋国民. 粳稻根系与叶片早衰的关系及其对籽粒灌浆的影响. 作物学报, 2003, 29(6): 892-898.

Wang Y R, Hua Z T, Chen W F, Dai G J, Hao B X, Wang Y, Zhang Z X, Sui G M. Relation between root and leaf senescence and their effects on grain-filling in japocica rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2003, 29(6): 892-898. (in Chinese)

[27]王志芳, 陈学留, 余美炎, 申秀珍, 雷鹏. 冬小麦根系32P 吸收活力变化规律及其与器官建成关系的研究. 作物学报, 1995, 21(4): 458-462.

Wang Z F, Chen L X, Yu M Y, Shen X Z, Lei P. Studies on relationship between change of root 32P absorption vigour and plant organ building in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1995, 21(4): 458-462. (in Chinese)

[28]刘胜群, 宋凤斌, 王燕. 玉米根系性状与地上部性状的相关性研究. 吉林农业大学学报, 2007, 29(1): 1-6.

Liu S Q, Song F B, Wang Y. Correlations between characters of roots and those of aerial parts of maize varieties. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2007, 29(1): 1-6. (in Chinese)

[29]刘连涛, 李存东, 孙红春, 路文静, 冯丽肖. 氮素营养水平对棉花不同部位叶片衰老的生理效应. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2007, 13(5): 910-914.

Liu L T, Li C D, Sun H C, Lu W J, Feng L X. Physiological effects of nitrogen nutrition on the senescence of cotton leaves at different positions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2007, 13(5): 910-914. (in Chinese)

[30]魏道智, 宁书菊, 林文雄. 小麦根系活力变化与叶片衰老的研究. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(9): 1565-1569.

Wei D Z, Ning S J, Lin W X. Relationship between wheat root activity and leaf senescence. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(9): 1565-1569. (in Chinese)

[31]侯有良, 钟改荣, L.O’ Brien. 普通小麦营养器官氮素和果聚糖的转运. 中国农业科学, 2002, 3(9): 1066-1070.

Hou Y L, Zhong G R, L.O’ Brien. Translocation of nitrogen and fructan in wheat nutritorium. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 3(9): 1066-1070. (in Chinese)

[32]Cox M C, Qualset C O, Rains D W. Genetic variation for nitrogen assimilation and translocation in wheat Ⅲ. Nitrogen translocation in relation to grain yield and protein. Crop Science, 1986, 26: 737-740.

[33]彭云峰, 张吴平, 李春俭, 不同氮吸收效率玉米品种的根系构型差异比较: 模拟与应用. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(3): 843-853.

Peng Y F, Zhang W P, Li C J. Relationship between nitrogen efficiency and root architecture of maize plant: simulation and application. Scientia Agricultura Sinca, 2009, 42(3): 843-853. (in Chinese)

[34]王敬峰, 刘鹏, 赵秉强, 董树亭, 张吉旺, 赵明, 杨吉顺, 李耕. 不同基因型玉米根系特性与氮素吸收利用的差异. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(4): 699-707.

Wang J F, Liu P, Zhao B Q, Dong S T, Zhang J W, Zhao M, Yang J S, Li G. Comparison of root characteristics and nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in different corn genotypes. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(4): 699-707. (in Chinese)
[1] PENG TingShen, LU JiuYan, WU MeiLin, YAN YuXin, LIU HongZhou, NAN WenBin, QIN XiaoJian, LI Ming, GONG JunYi, LIANG YongShu. QTL Analysis of Yield-Related Traits in Both Huangnuo2# and Changbai7# of Perennial Chinese Rice [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1361-1379.
[2] WANG YaFei, YAN Peng, XUE JinTao, DONG XueRui, MENG FanQi, GUO LiNa, LUO Yi, ZHANG Juan, DONG ZhiQiang, LU Lin. Effects of Ethephon-Glycine Betaine-Salicylic Acid Mixture on Root System Architecture, Physiological Function and Yield of Maize Under Heat Stress [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1439-1455.
[3] WANG YuPing, FU Zhi, SUN JiaYing, MU XiaoMeng, LIU HuiLin, GUO JinYun, SONG WenJing, HOU LeiPing, ZHAO HaiLiang. Evaluation of the Mitigating Effect and Application Efficacy of Melatonin Applied at the Seedling Stage on Short-Term Chilling Stress in Tomato Plants [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(7): 1523-1535.
[4] YE MeJin, WU Lei, MD NAHIBUZZAMAN Lohani, YIN Li, HU XinRong, LIU YaXi, JIANG YunFeng, CHEN GuoYue, PU ZhiEn, LI Yang, LI Ting, ZOU YaYa, WU JiaYi, MA Jian. Genome-Wide Association Study-Based Identification of Loci Controlling Mature Embryo Size in Chinese Wheat Landraces and Their Genetic Effects Analysis [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1157-1171.
[5] WANG JiaNuo, CHEN GuiPing, LI Pan, WANG LiPing, NAN YunYou, HE Wei, FAN ZhiLong, HU FaLong, CHAI Qiang, YIN Wen, ZHAO LiaoHao. Photo-Physiological Mechanism at Grain Filling Stage of No-Tillage with Plastic Re-Mulching to Increase Maize Yield in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1189-1202.
[6] ZHOU XinJie, REN Hao, CHEN YingLong, ZHANG JiWang, ZHAO Bin, REN BaiZhao, LIU Peng, WANG HongZhang. Effects of Calcium Peroxide on Root Morphology and Yield Formation of Summer Maize in Waterlogging Farmland [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1203-1216.
[7] HE JiHang, ZHANG Qing, LÜ XiangYue, XUE JiQuan, XU ShuTu, LIU JianChao. Evaluation of Nitrogen Efficiency of Different Stay-Green Maize Hybrids [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(6): 1217-1230.
[8] GUO FuCheng, TANG HaiJiang, HAO XinYi, MA GuoLin, YANG JiuJu, HUANG LinFeng, TIAN Lei, WANG Bin, LUO ChengKe. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Water-Salt Transport, Rice Yield, and Water Use Efficiency in Saline Soil in Ningxia [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 750-764.
[9] HAO Kun, CHEN HongDe, ZHANG Wei, ZHONG Yun, DANG MeiRong, ZHU ShiJiang, HUANG ZhiKun, JIN Ying. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water-Nitrogen Management Under Surge-Root Irrigation Based on Citrus Yield, Quality, and Water- Nitrogen Use Efficiency [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 862-873.
[10] ZHU Shu, GUO ZhiPeng, SUN Ying. Functional Analysis of Rice Target of Rapamycin OsTOR in Regulating Root Elongation [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 475-485.
[11] YAN TingLin, DU YaDan, HU XiaoTao, WANG He, LI XiaoYan, WANG YuMing, NIU WenQuan, GU XiaoBo. The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 602-618.
[12] YANG Rui, CHEN JingDong, HUANG Ying, XIE LingLi, ZHANG XueKun, ZHOU DengWen, LIU QingYun, XU JinSong, XU BenBo. Genetic Improvement and Configuration Analysis of High-Yield Rapeseed Lines in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 250-264.
[13] CHEN GuiPing, WEI JinGui, GUO Yao, LI Pan, WANG FeiEr, QIU HaiLong, FENG FuXue, YIN Wen. Synergistic Effects of Wide-Narrow Row and Density Enhancement on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Resource Utilization of Maize in Oasis Irrigation Areas [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 278-291.
[14] CAI TingYang, ZHU YuPeng, LI RuiDong, WU ZongSheng, XU YiFan, SONG WenWen, XU CaiLong, WU CunXiang. Effects of Leaf-Cutting at Seedling Stage on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Pod Distribution and Yield Formation in Soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 292-304.
[15] ZHANG ZhiYong, TAN ShiChao, XIONG ShuPing, MA XinMing, WEI YiHao, WANG XiaoChun. Effects of Annual Water and Nitrogen Optimization on Yield and Nitrogen Migration of Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Irrigation Area of Northern Henan [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(2): 336-353.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
京ICP备09089781号-30
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Scientia Agricultura Sinica
Tel: 86-010-82106279    E-mail: zgnykx@mail.caas.net.cn
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd