菊芋秸秆生物炭对连作西瓜生长、枯萎病及土壤细菌群落的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.14.011

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Aiming at the problems of plant growth inhibition, frequent Fusarium wilt and microbial community imbalance caused by continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, the effects of Helianthus tuberosus straw biochar on growth promotion, disease inhibition and microbiological mechanism were explored.【Method】Two kinds of H. tuberosus straw biochar were used as test materials, and four treatments were set up, including 1% (w/w) biochar-continuous cropping soil mixed treatment (denoted as J04 and J13, respectively), carbendazim control (Y) and blank control (CK). The effects of biochar on the growth of watermelon seedlings and the occurrence of Fusarium wilt were investigated by pot experiment. The effects of H. tuberosus straw biochar on soil bacterial community structure and diversity were analyzed by Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】Compared with CK, the two biochar treatments significantly promoted the accumulation of watermelon seedling biomass and reduced the Fusarium wilt disease index. At 35 d after transplanting, compared with CK, the whole plant dry weight of J04 and J13 treatments significantly increased by 10.8% and 27.6%, the incidence significantly decreased by 28.8% and 48.5%, and the disease index significantly decreased by 21.1 and 30.8. The incidence of carbendazim treatment (Y) was significantly lower than that of CK by 59.1%, the disease index was significantly decreased by 38.1, and the dry weight of the whole plant was significantly increased by 4.3% (P<0.05). Compared with CK, the α diversity of soil bacterial community in J04 and J13 treatments decreased significantly, and the Shannon index and Invsimpson index were significantly lower than CK. H. tuberosus biochar treatment significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure (R²=0.690, P=0.009). At the phylum level, J13 treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, and inhibited Acidobacteriota and Myxococcota. At the genus level, J13 treatment significantly enriched potential beneficial bacteria such as Gemmatimonas and Devosia. The FAPROTAX function prediction further indicated that J13 treatment significantly increased the abundance of microbial groups related to functions such as chemical heterotrophy and urea decomposition, which may promote the rhizosphere nutrient cycle.【Conclusion】The addition of H. tuberosus straw biochar (J13) can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of watermelon, and its growth-promoting and disease-inhibiting effects are closely related to the improvement of rhizosphere bacterial community structure and the enrichment of potential beneficial bacteria with specific functions.

Key words: Helianthus tuberosus straw, biochar, watermelon Fusarium wilt, soil bacterial community, functional prediction

ZHOU ShengYi, LI Chao, YU XinRan, WU FengZhi, PAN Kai. Effects of Helianthus tuberosus Straw Biochar on Watermelon Growth, Fusarium Wilt and Soil Bacterial Communities Under Continuous Cropping[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(14): 3132-3146.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1

Fig. 1

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Table 2

Effects of different H. tuberosus straw biochars on the relative abundance of Top 50 bacterial genera in watermelon rhizosphere (%)"

属Genus	CK	J04	J13
鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas	4.166±0.351b	5.357±0.445a	5.553±0.054a
norank_o__SBR1031	1.768±0.306b	1.845±0.714b	3.572±0.669a
黄土杆菌属Flavisolibacter	1.776±0.070b	2.492±0.484a	2.547±0.087a
假双斧状菌属Pseudolabrys	1.753±0.245b	2.029±0.204ab	2.351±0.129a
芽单胞菌属Gemmatimonas	1.687±0.186b	2.056±0.163ab	2.379±0.208a
norank_o__Vicinamibacterales	2.525±0.444a	1.759±0.483a	1.799±0.052a
norank_f__Microscillaceae	2.558±0.191a	1.549±0.302b	1.715±0.154b
norank_f__Gemmatimonadaceae	2.074±0.097a	1.854±0.076b	1.777±0.025b
norank_o__Chloroplast	0.659±0.068b	2.045±0.527a	2.072±0.399a
norank_f__Vicinamibacteraceae	1.940±0.333a	1.295±0.419a	1.310±0.060a
假单胞菌属Pseudomonas	2.605±0.374a	1.565±0.094b	0.278±0.011c
norank_f__LWQ8	0.536±0.095c	1.707±0.198b	2.132±0.151a
芽孢杆菌属Bacillus	1.331±0.023a	1.279±0.066a	1.278±0.056a
MND1	1.529±0.117a	1.132±0.095b	0.880±0.036c
norank_o__Gaiellales	0.975±0.110b	1.121±0.112ab	1.336±0.141a
Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium	1.177±0.076a	1.109±0.182a	0.962±0.154a
沙壤土杆菌属Ramlibacter	0.867±0.011b	1.242±0.050a	1.112±0.100a
链霉菌属Streptomyces	0.910±0.013a	1.118±0.242a	1.094±0.092a
海无柄孢囊黏细菌属Haliangium	1.193±0.068a	0.854±0.019b	0.914±0.105b
拟无枝酸菌属Amycolatopsis	0.143±0.008c	0.954±0.168b	1.799±0.259a
德沃斯氏菌属Devosia	0.848±0.035b	0.887±0.067ab	1.027±0.081a
Ellin6067	0.825±0.066a	0.899±0.078a	0.975±0.073a
norank_c__S0134_terrestrial_group	0.764±0.041a	0.901±0.124a	0.813±0.054a
韩农科技所菌属Niastella	1.531±0.139a	0.627±0.236b	0.299±0.046b
类固醇杆菌属Steroidobacter	1.096±0.139a	0.609±0.198b	0.740±0.075ab
norank_o__Saccharimonadales	0.568±0.076a	0.932±0.336a	0.933±0.060a
norank_f__SC-I-84	0.719±0.100a	0.781±0.121a	0.856±0.020a
新草小螺菌属Noviherbaspirillum	0.551±0.024b	1.097±0.254a	0.636±0.031b
unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae	0.913±0.122a	0.794±0.104ab	0.562±0.065b
苯基小杆菌属Phenylobacterium	0.516±0.038b	0.789±0.088a	0.861±0.034a
norank_o__Acidobacteriales	0.787±0.060a	0.644±0.299a	0.622±0.118a
Polyangium_brachysporum_group	0.802±0.068a	0.575±0.033b	0.608±0.042b
硝化螺菌属Nitrospira	0.733±0.016a	0.670±0.105ab	0.562±0.030b
norank_f__Longimicrobiaceae	0.432±0.022b	0.737±0.023a	0.793±0.047a
苔藓杆菌属Bryobacter	0.718±0.060a	0.642±0.052ab	0.575±0.042b
norank_f__67-14	0.353±0.025b	0.676±0.104a	0.817±0.097a
norank_f__Pedosphaeraceae	0.809±0.171a	0.636±0.042ab	0.392±0.169b
norank_f__A4b	0.802±0.084a	0.424±0.027b	0.582±0.071b
norank_f__Chitinophagaceae	0.489±0.035b	0.577±0.054ab	0.707±0.087a
norank_o__Candidatus_Kaiserbacteria	1.122±0.340a	0.510±0.077b	0.124±0.034b
norank_f__Xanthobacteraceae	0.511±0.091b	0.569±0.028ab	0.662±0.032a
norank_c__KD4-96	0.475±0.096a	0.625±0.208a	0.639±0.014a
norank_o__Subgroup_7	0.626±0.017a	0.544±0.005a	0.539±0.060a
norank_f__TRA3-20	0.629±0.035a	0.489±0.025b	0.496±0.071b
鹰嘴豆杆菌属Ciceribacter	0.121±0.015b	0.784±0.035a	0.701±0.123a
unclassified_f__Gemmatimonadaceae	0.437±0.050a	0.589±0.018a	0.570±0.092a
金黄线菌属Chryseolinea	0.306±0.091b	0.360±0.192b	0.821±0.181a
溶杆菌属Lysobacter	0.400±0.103a	0.492±0.116a	0.548±0.019a
鞘氨醇菌属Sphingobium	0.374±0.027b	0.454±0.065ab	0.581±0.078a
RB41	0.624±0.078a	0.383±0.043b	0.337±0.096b

Table 2

Fig. 10

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种类 Type	比表面积 Surface area (m²·g^-1)	孔径 Pore size (nm)	孔体积 Pore volume (mm³·g^-1)	碳氮比 C/N	pH	EC值 EC value (mS·cm^-1)
J04	1.8	11.8	3.5	126.1	10.8	0.18
J13	3.2	7.5	5.2	197.8	10.4	0.14

Effects of Helianthus tuberosus Straw Biochar on Watermelon Growth, Fusarium Wilt and Soil Bacterial Communities Under Continuous Cropping

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