辽河平原玉米田不同施肥下的土壤氨挥发特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.18.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was performed to explore the characteristics of ammonia (NH₃) volatilization from corn field affected by different fertilization measures, to understand the contribution of different fertilization measures to NH₃ emission, and to obtain the localized NH₃ emission factors of chemical fertilizer application in Liaohe plain, northeastern China, so as to provide reference for relevant research in the fields of atmospheric environment and ecology. 【Method】 A field experiment of NH₃ emission responses under different fertilization measures was carried out in the south experimental field of Shenyang agricultural university, Liaoning province from May to October 2018, which was set up with 5 treatments: no nitrogen treatment (T0), half-amount conventional fertilization (T1), conventional fertilization + biochar (T2), one-time conventional fertilization (T3), conventional fertilization (T4). The base fertilizer was coated with slow-release fertilizer and urea was applied at jointing stage. From May to October 2018, NH₃ gas was collected by aeration method, ammonium concentration was analyzed by continuous flow analyzer, and NH₃ emission flux was calculated. Meanwhile, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) content in soil was measured. 【Result】 The NH₃ volatilization rate showed a bimodal trend after the application of base fertilizer, and the maximum NH₃ volatilization rates occurred on the 1st-2d or 5th-7d after the application of base fertilizer, respectively. The maximum NH₃ volatilization rates in the treatments of base fertilizer were as follows: T1>T2>T3>T4>T0. All treatments reached the maximum NH₃ volatilization rates at the 1st - 2d after applying top dressing, and the maximum NH₃ volatilization rates at the top dressing stage were as follows: T4>T2>T1>T3>T0. The accumulation of NH₃ volatilization loss was shown as T2)>T4>T3>T1>T0. There was no significant difference in soil NH₄ ⁺-N content between different treatments in different periods, but the soil NH₄ ⁺-N content and NH₃ volatilization rate in the same period showed a similar change trend, and the correlations after applying top fertilizer were more significant than that after applying base fertilizer. Due to the application of urea under T1, T2 and T4 at top dressing period, urea released NH₄⁺-N more rapidly than slow-release fertilizer, and NH₃ volatilization was relatively fast. Overall, a 50% reduction in nitrogen application resulted in a 20% reduction in NH₃ volatilization loss accumulation. The accumulation of NH₃ volatilization loss was significantly different among the treatments during the growth season. T2 had the largest accumulation of NH₃ volatilization loss. Under the same nitrogen application amount, the cumulative ammonia volatilization loss of biochar treatment increased by 22%. Under the condition of the same nitrogen application amount in the whole growth season, the NH₃ volatilization accumulation was reduced by 12% in the one-time application of slow-release fertilizer without urea topdressing than that with urea topdressing. 【Conclusion】Ammonia volatilization showed a marginal decreasing effect with the increase of nitrogen application. Biochar promoted ammonia volatilization in farmland, while corn straw biochar was alkaline, resulting in increased accumulation of ammonia volatilization. However, it had the characteristics of large porosity and specific surface area, strong adsorption effect, and could improve soil and reduce emissions of other greenhouse gases. The ammonia volatilization was significantly reduced by applying slow-release fertilizer at one time without urea topdressing.

Key words: ammonia emission factor, biochar, fertilizer application, ammonia volatilization rate, corn, Liaohe plain

ZHAO XinZhou,ZHANG ShiChun,LI Ying,ZHENG YiMin,ZHAO HongLiang,XIE LiYong. The Characteristics of Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Different Fertilizer Application Measures in Corn Field of Liaohe Plain[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(18): 3741-3751.

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References 37

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处理 Treatment	基肥量 Basal fertilizer quantity (kg N·hm^-2)			基肥种类 Basal fertilizer type	追肥量 Top dressing quantity (kg N·hm^-2)	追肥种类 Top dressing type	生育期施氮总量 Total nitrogen application (kg N·hm^-2)	生物炭施用量 Biochar application (kg·hm^-2)
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	基肥种类 Basal fertilizer type	追肥量 Top dressing quantity (kg N·hm^-2)	追肥种类 Top dressing type	生育期施氮总量 Total nitrogen application (kg N·hm^-2)	生物炭施用量 Biochar application (kg·hm^-2)
T0	0	0	0	-	-	-	0	0
T1	45	15	18	SRF¹⁾	45	尿素Urea	90	0
T2	90	30	36	SRF	90	尿素Urea	180	3000
T3	180	60	72	SRF	-	-	180	0
T4	90	30	36	SRF	90	尿素Urea	180	0

处理 Treatment	氨挥发损失累积量 NH₃ accumulation (kg N·hm^-2)	氨挥发损失率 Loss (%)
T0	3.12±0.10e	—
T1	4.14±0.09d	1.13±0.21b
T3	4.56±0.08c	0.80±0.06c
T4	5.09±0.03b	1.09±0.15b
T2	6.19±0.17a	1.70±0.03a

时期 Stage	处理 Treatment	r值 r value	P值 P value
施基肥后 After basal fertilization	T0	-0.076	>0.05
	T1	0.573	>0.05
	T2	-0.105	>0.05
	T3	-0.228	>0.05
	T4	0.353	>0.05
施追肥后 After top dressing	T0	0.614	>0.05
	T1	0.810**	<0.01
	T2	0.757*	<0.05
	T3	0.437	>0.05
	T4	0.803**	<0.01

The Characteristics of Soil Ammonia Volatilization Under Different Fertilizer Application Measures in Corn Field of Liaohe Plain

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