Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (16): 3207-3219.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.16.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Different Manures Affect Soil Nutrients and Bacterial Community Structure in Mining Reclamation Area

LI HaiPeng1(), DU WuYan1, WU HanQian1, ZHANG Jie1, MENG HuiSheng1, HONG JianPing1, XU MingGang1, HAO XianJun1(), GAO WenJun2()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
    2 College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi
  • Received:2023-10-02 Accepted:2023-12-03 Online:2024-08-16 Published:2024-08-27
  • Contact: HAO XianJun, GAO WenJun

Abstract:

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of nutrient and bacterial communities and function in reclaimed soil under different manures and to provide a theoretical basis for fertilization transformation and health management of reclaimed soil.【Method】Based on the located fertilization test base (coal mining subsidence area in Piancheng Village, Xiaoyi City, Shanxi Province), this experiment analyzed the soil nutrients, bacterial community structure and function, and maize yield of reclaimed soil in the mining area under different manures (chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure) and chemical fertilizer treatments for three consecutive years,.【Result】(1) After three consecutive years of fertilization, the application of manures significantly reduced soil pH (0.03-0.08 units) compared with chemical fertilizer, but significantly increased soil organic carbon (11.0%-15.5%), total nitrogen (14.9%-19.1%), available nitrogen (20.3%-43.4%) and available potassium (12.3%-13.6%), among them, chicken manure treatment had the greatest increase in soil organic carbon and available nitrogen content. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizer and manures significantly increased crop yield (16.7%-21.1%), and pig manure had the greatest increase in crop yield. (2) The manures application significantly increased the bacterial richness of reclaimed soil and affected the composition of soil bacterial community structure. At the phylum level, the manures application considerably enhanced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, with the relative richness of Firmicutes significantly higher under pig manure and chicken manure treatments than that under cow manure treatment. At the genus level, different manures treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lechevalieria, Sphingomonas, and Bacillus. (3) The ecological function of reclaimed soil bacteria was mainly chemoheterotrophy and aerobic chemoheterotrophy. Various manures treatments significantly increased the relative abundance of chemoheterotrophy and fermentation populations, with the relative abundance of fermentation populations considerably higher under the pig manure treatment than under the chicken manure and cow manure treatments. (4) The mantel test study revealed a substantial positive correlation between soil bacterial diversity and function and soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and crop yield. 【Conclusion】The application of various manures significantly increased the nutrient content of reclaimed soil, improved the structure and function of the bacterial community in reclaimed soil, and then increased crop yield. Nevertheless, there were differences in the soil nutrients, bacterial community structure, and crop yields among the various manures, with chicken manure offering the highest enhancement in soil nutrients, pig manure providing the highest enhancement in functional flora related to carbon and crop yields, but cow manure providing the lesser improvement in soil nutrients and crop yields.

Key words: manure, soil nutrients, bacterial community structure, functional prediction, maize yield, mining reclamation area

Table 1

Basic physicochemical properties of the tested manures"

有机肥
Manure
pH 全氮
Total N (N,%)
全磷
Total P (P2O5,%)
全钾
Total K (K2O,%)
含水率
Moisture content (%)
有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)
鸡粪Chicken manure 8.10 2.03 1.74 1.34 33.37 227.93
猪粪 Pig manure 8.14 2.08 2.32 0.93 44.18 174.28
牛粪Cow manure 7.99 1.46 2.00 0.76 34.97 148.63

Table 2

Physicochemical properties of reclaimed soil and maize yield under three consecutive years of fertilization treatment"

处理
Treatment
pH 有机碳
Organic carbon,
SOC (g·kg-1)
全氮
Total N,
TN (g·kg-1)
全磷
Total P,
TP (g·kg-1)
碱解氮
Available N,
AN (mg·kg-1)
速效磷
Available P,
AP (mg·kg-1)
速效钾
Available K,
AK (mg·kg-1)
产量
Yield
(t·hm-2)
CK 8.26±0.02a 3.60±0.04d 0.45±0.14d 0.27±0.02d 29.88±0.35d 2.99±0.33c 104.72±2.12c 7.90±0.11b
CF 8.24±0.01a 3.62±0.03d 0.47±0.01c 0.33±0.01bc 32.22±0.63d 13.96±2.84a 110.74±1.99b 9.22±0.72a
CHM 8.17±0.02bc 4.18±0.04a 0.54±0.04b 0.36±0.01a 46.20±1.44a 13.96±0.58a 124.90±1.68a 9.32±0.14a
PM 8.16±0.02c 4.08±0.04b 0.56±0.11a 0.34±0.01ab 43.11±1.13b 14.62±1.66a 124.36±2.87a 9.57±0.16a
CM 8.21±0.03b 4.02±0.02c 0.55±0.04ab 0.32±0.01c 38.76±2.19c 9.42±0.38b 125.76±1.46a 9.27±0.34a

Fig. 1

Alpha diversity of soil bacterial community under different fertilization treatments in reclamation area"

Fig. 2

Column stacking of bacterial communities based on phylum (A) and genus (B) taxonomic levels for different fertilization treatments"

Fig. 3

Principal component analysis of soil microbial community under different fertilization treatments"

Fig. 4

Ecological functional diversity of soil bacteria under different fertilizer treatments predicted based on FAPROTAX"

Fig. 5

Heatmap of correlation between genus level of bacterial community and soil physicochemical properties The X and Y axes are for the environmental factors and the different bacterial genus, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficient R-values and significant P-values were calculated; R values are indicated by the different colors in the graphs, and P values are indicated by asterisks. ∗ denotes P<0.05 and ∗∗ denotes P<0.01"

Fig. 6

Relationship between bacterial diversity, functional structure, physicochemical properties and crop yield in reclaimed soil The sample size was 15; Spearman's correlation coefficient for two-by-two comparisons of soil properties and crop yields expressed as a color gradient. The correlation between bacterial α diversity, bacterial β diversity, functional structure, soil physicochemical properties and crop yield was examined by Mantel"

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