生物炭与无机氮配施对稻田温室气体排放及氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.22.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】Biochar has been widely used in agricultural production due to large specific surface area and high concentrations in a variety of nutrients. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of biochar plus Inorganic nitrogen on the greenhouse gas and nitrogen use efficiency from rice fields, so as to provide a scientific basis for the proper use of biochar.【Method】A 2-years field trials in Huanqiao town Wuxue city were set up to investigate the effects of biochar combined with different amounts of inorganic nitrogen on CH₄ and N₂O emissions, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency from paddy fields. Four treatments included no nitrogen (CK), conventional inorganic nitrogen (180 kg·hm ^-2) (IF), conventional inorganic nitrogen+10 t·hm ^-2 biochar (IF+C), and 30% reduction of inorganic nitrogen+10 t·hm ^-2 biochar (RIF+C). The CH₄ and N₂O emission fluxes from paddy soils were determined by static chamber-gas chromatography method, and the grain yield was also determined.【Result】(1) There were obvious seasonal trends in CH₄ and N₂O emissions during the rice growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The CH₄ fluxes peaked at the tillering and heading panicle stages, and the N₂O fluxes peaked just after N fertilization and field drainage. The CH₄ fluxes ranged from 0.01 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1 to 48.97 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1in 2018 and 0.36 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1 to 18.08 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1in 2019, and the N₂O fluxes were -0.002-0.17 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1 in 2018, and 0.01-0.28 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1in 2019. Average CH₄ fluxes were 6.17-7.16 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1in 2018 and 5.16-5.83 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1in 2019, and average N₂O fluxes were 0.02-0.04 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1in 2018 and 0.05-0.08 mg·m ^-2·h ^-1 in 2019. (2) Compared with CK, the application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers did not affect CH₄ emissions, but increased N₂O emissions by 32.6%-113.0%. Compared with IF, biochar treatments (IF+C and RIF+C) did not affect CH₄ emissions, but significantly decreased N₂O emissions by 33.4%-43.1% in 2018 and by 37.0%-39.5% in 2019. There was no difference in global warming potential (GWP) between IF and biochar treatments. No significant differences in CH₄ and N₂O emissions were observed between IF+C and RIF+C. CH₄ emissions played in a dominant in GWP, accounting for 84.4%-95.2% of the seasonal GWP. (3) Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased rice grain yields by 4.0%-6.0%. Compared with IF treatment, biochar treatments (IF+C and RIF+C) significantly increased rice grain yield by 9.9%-11.9%. There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between IF+C and RIF+C. Compared with IF treatment, IF+C and RIF+C treatment significantly increased nitrogen use efficiency by 7.7%-8.1%. Nitrogen partial productivity under RIF+C was increased by 57.1% and 52.3% in two years, respectively. 【Conclusion】The treatment of biochar + 30% reduction of inorganic nitrogen was a sustainable agronomic measure to effectively reduce N₂O emission and to increase rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice fields. However, the mitigating effect of biochar on greenhouse gas emission from rice fields should be further studied.

Key words: biochar, CH₄, N₂O, global warming potential, nitrogen use efficiency, rice yield

XIANG Wei,WANG Lei,LIU TianQi,LI ShiHao,ZHAI ZhongBing,LI ChengFang. Effects of Biochar Plus Inorganic Nitrogen on the Greenhouse Gas and Nitrogen Use Efficiency from Rice Fields[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(22): 4634-4645.

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References 57

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气体 Gas	处理 Treatment	2018				2019
气体 Gas	处理 Treatment	df	MS	F	P	df	MS	F	P
CH₄	时间 Time	12	420.63	7.57	<0.001	12	74.19	3.31	<0.001
	处理 Treatment	4	74.62	1.34	0.263	4	9.38	0.42	0.74
	时间×处理 Time×Treatment	48	156.33	7.44	<0.001	48	6.22	0.39	0.76
N₂O	时间 Time	12	0.015	8.32	<0.001	12	0.031	9.5	<0.001
	处理 Treatment	4	0.01	5.589	0.001	4	0.006	1.72	0.17
	时间×处理 Time×Treatment	48	0.003	1.90	0.009	48	0.005	1.62	0.04

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	CH₄累积排放量 Cumulative CH₄ emission (kg·hm^-2)	N₂O累积排放量 Cumulative N₂O emission (kg·hm^-2)	综合增温潜势 Global warming potential (kg·hm^-2)	水稻产量 Yield (t·hm^-2)
2018	CK	77.62±5.27 a	0.39±0.01 b	2275.53±151.57 a	8.99±0.22 b
	IF	76.84±5.42 a	0.82±0.17 a	2369.47±108.77 a	9.33±0.15 b
	IF+C	84.93±4.67 a	0.50±0.03 b	2510.01±130.66 a	9.69±0.26 ab
	RIF+C	78.66±1.71 a	0.48±0.00 b	2330.26±47.84 a	10.26±0.35 a
2019	CK	58.45±9.80 a	0.73±0.06 ab	1829.64±258.60 a	8.76±0.21 c
	IF	57.12±4.14 a	0.96±0.02 a	1855.01±115.35 a	9.29±0.23 bc
	IF+C	59.51±5.65 a	0.61±0.04 b	1827.38±167.35 a	10.31±0.30 a
	RIF+C	62.04±5.88 a	0.58±0.07 b	1891.93±179.76 a	9.83±0.18 ab

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	吸氮量 Nitrogen uptake (kg·hm^-2)	氮肥利用率 Nitrogen use efficiency (%)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (kg·kg^-1)
2018	CK	78.46±5.77 c	–	–
	IF	135.80±4.26 b	31.85±4.10 b	51.82±0.82 b
	IF+C	149.58±3.04 a	39.51±2.93 a	52.78±1.42 b
	RIF+C	129.40±1.24 b	40.42±1.70 a	81.40±2.75 a
2019	CK	80.5±7.29 c	–	–
	IF	134.69±5.25 b	30.13±2.92b	51.82±0.82 b
	IF+C	148.63±0.50 a	37.85±0.47 a	52.78±1.42 b
	RIF+C	128.62±3.14 b	38.16±4.31 a	81.40±2.75 a

Effects of Biochar Plus Inorganic Nitrogen on the Greenhouse Gas and Nitrogen Use Efficiency from Rice Fields

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