中国粒用杂交高粱的绿色革命

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.003

Abstract

Abstract:

Sorghum is the main food crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, which is of great significance to food security, marginal land use and dietary structure in arid and semi-arid regions. Since the first generation of grain hybrid sorghum was introduced in China in 1958, in order to adapt to mechanized harvesting and reduce labor costs, the plant height of cultivated hybrid sorghum has experienced the change process of high stalk, middle stalk, middle dwarf and dwarf. the green revolution of Chinese grain hybrid sorghum has been completed in the past two decades. This paper summarizes the reasons, history and current situation of grain sorghum dwarfing breeding in China. It shows the trend of decreasing plant height and increasing yield of sorghum varieties in China in the past 60 years. The important germplasms created in the process of green revolution of grain sorghum in China were listed. Through the analysis of genetic relationship, it was found that the dwarf source of restorer line in China came from Chinese local variety Sanchisan, and the dwarf source was traced back to Tx3197B due to the utilization of foreign germplasm Tx3197 A, Tx3197 B. The cloning, variation sites, dwarfing mechanism of sorghum dwarf genes dw1, dw2 and dw3, which play an important role in the green revolution of sorghum, and the contributions of predecessors in exploring new plant height QTLs were reviewed. The dwarfing mechanism of sorghum was different from that of gibberellin regulation system (GA) in rice and wheat. dw1 reduced plant height by regulating the brassinosteroid system (BR) to shorten the length of internodes. dw2 and dw3 encode KIPK protein kinase and auxin efflux transporter (ABCB1), respectively, which regulate the transport of auxin (IAA) to shorten the length of internodes and reduce plant height. The dwarfing genes of dw1, dw2 and dw3 had multiple effects on maturity, spike length, spike grain weight, leaf area while reducing plant height. The distribution and application of dw1, dw2 and dw3 dwarf genes in backbone sterile lines and restorer lines were analyzed by molecular markers and sequencing techniques. It was found that the dwarf genes used more in sorghum restorer lines in China were only dw3, and the combination of dw1dw3 and dw2dw3 formed by dw1, dw2 and dw3 was more widely used in sterile lines. The problems and solutions of sorghum green revolution in China were discussed. It is expected to provide guidance for further improving the process of sorghum green revolution in China and cultivating new germplasm and new varieties with major breakthroughs in yield and stress resistance.

Key words: sorghum, plant height, dwarfism, dwarf germplasm, dwarf genes/QTLs

CHEN BingRu, TANG YuJie, ZHANG LiXia, ZHOU YuFei, YU Miao, SHI GuiShan, WANG XinDing, LI Yang, GAO ShiJie, LU XiaoChun, WANG Nai, DIAO XianMin. The Green Revolution of Chinese Grain Hybrid Sorghum[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1494-1507.

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Figures/Tables 6

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Table 1

Genetic types of plant height of elite parents in early- maturing area"

序号 Number	种质名称 Germplasm name	种质类型 Germplasm type	株高基因 Plant height genes	株高 Plant height (cm)
1	吉2731B Ji2731B	保持系B-Line	Dw1Dw2Dw3dw4	212.23
2	314B	保持系B-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	97.12
3	吉5535B Ji5535B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2Dw3dw4	85.70
4	SX44B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2Dw3dw4	120.40
5	吉2055B Ji2055B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	86.96
6	吉5575B Ji5575B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	91.97
7	A₂V4B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	130.28
8	吉303B Ji303B	保持系B-Line	Dw1dw2dw3dw4	87.00
9	吉1230B Ji1230B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	80.00
10	MS22B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	68.53
11	吉5522B Ji5522B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	84.89
12	吉245B Ji245B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	99.66
13	吉115B Ji115B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	82.74
14	吉59B Ji59B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	87.46
15	吉2316B Ji2316B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	89.60
16	吉Y324B JiY324B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	106.16
17	B35	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	133.83
18	Tx623B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	129.99
19	QL33B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	93.63
20	冀64B Ji64B	保持系B-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	85.00
21	352B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	114.29
22	TAM428B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	107.22
23	L407B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	111.67
24	吉2059B Ji2059B	保持系B-Line	dw1dw2dw3dw4	65.00
25	吉R209 JiR209	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	87.68
26	南133 Nan133	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	134.56
27	10125	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	128.15
28	吉R 2483 JiR2483	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	128.66
29	吉R117 JiR117	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	136.33
30	吉R4334 JiR4334	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	140.65
31	吉R4392 JiR4392	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	158.00
32	吉R127 JiR127	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2Dw3dw4	124.45
33	吉R06H419 JiR06H419	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	126.38
34	吉RK1781 JiRK1781	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	96.93
35	吉R8036 JiR8036	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	133.02
36	吉R107 JiR107	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	135.59
37	T180	恢复系R-Line	Dw1Dw2dw3dw4	162.67
38	02001	恢复系R-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	85.24
39	k1414	恢复系R-Line	dw1Dw2dw3dw4	90.00
40	南40 Nan40	恢复系R-Line	dw1dw2Dw3dw4	88.12

Table 1

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The Green Revolution of Chinese Grain Hybrid Sorghum

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