短期减施氮肥对华南地区早晚兼用型水稻产量和稻米品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.08.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Optimal reduction of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is a sustainable management strategy in rice production. The effects of lowering N fertilizer input on grain yield and rice quality of early and late-season dual-use rice in South China were investigated, which could provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation and nitrogen management of the ‘Simiao Rice’. 【Method】 A two-year in-situ field trial was carried out at the Dafeng Experimental Base of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2022 to 2023, two early and late-season dual-use ‘Simiao Rice’ (19Xiang and Nanjingxiangzhan) were used as test cultivars, and a two-factor split-plot experimental design was adopted. The main plots were a 20% reduced N fertilizer application rate treatment (RN) and the conventional N fertilizer application rate treatment (CN). The split plots were rice varieties, to analyze the changing characteristics of early and late-season dual-use rice yield and quality under RN conditions. 【Result】Compared with CN, RN did not change the grain yield in the late season, but significantly decreased the grain yield in the early season by an average of 11.7% in the two years. The decrease in grain yield under RN conditions was related to the decline in total spikelet. In the early season, RN did not affect milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, and chalkiness, but significantly reduced head rice rate by an average of 3.30% in the two years. RN had no effect on the hardness of cooked rice in the early season, but significantly reduced its protein content, stickiness and taste value of cooked rice, with an average reduction of 0.61%, 12.80% and 2.80%, respectively, and significantly increased its amylose content by an average of 1.23%. RN did not influence the milled rice rate, head rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness, amylose and protein content, and the hardness, stickiness, and taste value of cooked rice in the late season. In addition, the relevant analysis showed that the decrease in head rice rate of RN treatment in the early season might be related to the decrease in protein content, while the decrease in stickiness and taste value was related to the increase in amylose content. 【Conclusion】RN decreased the grain yield, milling quality, and eating quality in the early season, while did not alter the appearance quality in the early season, the grain yield, milling quality, appearance quality, and eating quality in the late season. Therefore, in the production of early and late-season dual-use rice, it was necessary to ensure an adequate N supply in the early season to maintain grain yield and rice quality, while reducing N fertilizer by 20% in the late season could still achieve stable and high-quality rice production under current N fertilizer application levels. Keywords:

Key words: early and late-season dual-use rice, ‘Simiao Rice’, nitrogen fertilizer, grain yield, rice quality

LIU JinSong, WU LongMei, BAO XiaoZhe, LIU ZhiXia, ZHANG Bin, YANG TaoTao. Effects of a Short-Term Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on the Grain Yield and Rice Quality of Early and Late-Season Dual-Use Rice in South China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(8): 1508-1520.

Figures/Tables 8

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Table 1

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季节 Season	品种 Cultivar	氮肥 Nitrogen	最大灌浆速率 Maximum grain- filling rate (mg·d^-1)	平均灌浆速率 Arerage grain-filling rate (mg·d^-1)	达到最大灌浆速率的时间 Days of grain-filling rate (d)	灌浆活跃期 Active grain-filling period (d)
早季 Early season	19X	RN	1.61a	1.02b	5.36a	19.88a
	19X	CN	1.83a	1.14a	4.98a	17.79a
	NJXZ	RN	1.54a	0.91a	8.01a	24.95a
	NJXZ	CN	1.58a	0.93a	7.95a	24.78a
晚季 Late season	19X	RN	0.91a	0.53a	13.88a	41.05a
	19X	CN	0.88a	0.51a	14.74a	44.06a
	NJXZ	RN	1.05a	0.61a	12.66a	37.52a
	NJXZ	CN	1.08a	0.64a	11.56a	36.16a

季节 Season	品种 Cultivar	氮肥 Nitrogen	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	米饭质构 Cooked rice texture		食味值 Taste value
季节 Season	品种 Cultivar	氮肥 Nitrogen	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	硬度 Hardness (g)	黏性 Stickiness (g·s)	食味值 Taste value
早季 Early season	19X	RN	16.58a	9.08b	3002a	225b	80.2a
	19X	CN	15.36b	9.63a	2971a	260a	82.3a
	NJXZ	RN	16.88a	8.98b	2852a	233b	80.9b
	NJXZ	CN	15.71b	9.65a	2865a	265a	83.5a
晚季 Late season	19X	RN	17.23a	7.14a	2876a	231a	87.5a
	19X	CN	16.54a	7.18a	2835a	232a	87.2a
	NJXZ	RN	16.53a	7.32a	1726a	219a	87.0a
	NJXZ	CN	16.92a	7.18a	1952a	230a	86.5a

Effects of a Short-Term Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rates on the Grain Yield and Rice Quality of Early and Late-Season Dual-Use Rice in South China

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