不同产量水平麦田植株氮素转运和籽粒氮素积累的差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.13.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Improving the nitrogen transport and accumulation of nutrient organs after wheat flowering, as well as improving the nitrogen accumulation characteristics of wheat grains, is beneficial for increasing the nitrogen accumulation and yield of wheat. This study aimed to clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the differences in nitrogen utilization efficiency among wheat plants at different yield levels, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reducing yield differences and improving nitrogen utilization efficiency and to achieve high yield and efficient production of wheat.【Method】 The field experiments were conducted in Shiwang Village, Xiaomeng Town, Shandong Province for two consecutive years from 2020 to 2022. Using Tobacco Farmer 1212 as the planting material, three yield levels of wheat fields with a perennial winter wheat yield of around 10 500 kg·hm^-2 (S), 9 000 kg·hm^-2 (H), and 7 500 kg·hm^-2 (M) were selected to compare and analyze the differences in plant nitrogen accumulation and transport, grain nitrogen accumulation characteristics, and grain yield in wheat fields with different yield levels.【Result】 Compared with H and M wheat fields, S wheat field significantly increased the number of spikes per unit area and thousand grain weight, with grain yield 19.64%-27.91% and 51.68%-80.87% higher than H and M wheat fields, respectively, resulting in the highest nitrogen absorption efficiency, nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen harvest index. The nitrogen accumulation in the nutrient organs of S wheat field during the flowering period increased by 14.22-42.11 kg·hm^-2 and 53.74-103.16 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in mature nutrient organs was S, H>M. Compared with H and M wheat fields, S wheat field significantly increased the nitrogen transport of pre flowering nutrient organs and nitrogen accumulation after flowering, and increased the contribution rate of nitrogen accumulation in post flowering nutrient organs to grains, thereby achieving the highest nitrogen accumulation in mature grains. The S wheat field significantly increased the content of free amino acids and soluble proteins in flag leaves after flowering, for promoting the inter source sink transport of nitrogen. According to the logistic equation fitting, the S wheat field significantly increased the maximum and average accumulation rates of grain nitrogen, prolonged the duration of grain nitrogen accumulation, and was the main reason for obtaining the highest grain nitrogen accumulation.【Conclusion】 Suitable soil environment in S wheat field could promote the transfer of stored nitrogen from vegetative organs to grain, and increase the rate of grain nitrogen accumulation and prolong the duration of grain nitrogen accumulation, which was the main reason for the highest grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency.

Key words: nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen utilization, nitrogen translocation, characteristics of grain nitrogen accumulation, wheat fields with different yield levels, grain yield, wheat

ZHANG Zhen, SHI Yu, YU ZhenWen, ZHANG YongLi. The Differences of Plant Nitrogen Transport and Grain Nitrogen Accumulation in Different Yield Levels of Wheat Field[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(13): 2539-2548.

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年份 Year	麦田 Wheat field	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorous (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkaline nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)
2020—2021	S	1.20	19.21	204.77	56.11	161.32
	H	1.08	14.80	117.73	34.49	115.84
	M	0.82	10.30	91.66	21.90	90.82
2021—2022	S	1.27	19.28	204.81	57.52	168.21
	H	1.02	14.22	116.97	32.25	121.79
	M	0.86	11.69	97.92	25.25	100.31

年份 Year	麦田 Wheat field	单位面积穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ spike·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernel number (kernel/spike)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	氮素吸收效率 NUpE (%)	氮肥偏生产力 NPFP (kg·kg^-1)	氮素收获指数 NHI
2020—2021	S	713.96a	40.89a	49.32a	11494.10a	71.86a	42.57a	0.76a
	H	628.46b	41.55a	44.33b	8985.81b	68.11b	37.44b	0.72b
	M	470.99c	38.08b	44.50b	6354.80c	62.89c	30.26c	0.69b
2021—2022	S	689.95a	39.79a	48.83a	11280.54a	71.12a	41.78a	0.76a
	H	612.36b	39.62a	45.75b	9428.37b	69.19b	39.28b	0.73b
	M	542.68c	36.97b	44.12b	7436.93c	64.60c	30.99c	0.69b

年份 Year	麦田 Wheat field	开花期营养器官氮素积累量 NAA (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期营养器官氮素积累量 NAM (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期籽粒氮素积累量 GNA_m (kg·hm^-2)	营养器官氮素转运量 NRA (kg·hm^-2)	营养器官氮素转运量对籽粒贡献率 NRR (%)	开花后氮素积累量 ANA_af (kg·hm^-2)	开花后氮素积累量对籽粒的贡献率 NCP (%)
2020—2021	S	270.17a	78.14a	253.00a	161.03a	64.15c	89.21a	37.10a
	H	228.06b	79.50a	206.65b	140.56b	66.28b	66.35b	32.08b
	M	167.01c	67.62b	147.31c	105.39c	71.37a	42.91c	27.42c
2021—2022	S	225.29a	69.07a	245.07a	156.22a	63.75c	88.85a	36.25a
	H	211.07b	68.83a	210.52b	142.24b	67.57b	68.28b	32.43b
	M	171.55c	57.81b	158.12c	113.74c	71.93a	44.38c	28.07c

年份 Year	麦田 Wheat field	增长曲线方程 Growth curve equation	R²	V_max (mg/grain)	V_mean (mg/grain·d^-1)	D (d)
2020—2021	S	y=242.72/（1+13.77e^-0.24^x）	0.98	13.62a	7.51a	26.37a
	H	y=194.58/（1+11.61e^-0.22^x）	0.99	11.59b	6.61b	25.31b
	M	y=140.51/（1+12.17e^-0.33^x）	0.98	11.07b	6.45b	19.67c
2021—2022	S	y=234.34/（1+13.95e^-0.23^x）	0.98	13.48a	7.42a	26.09a
	H	y=198.82/（1+11.74e^-0.24^x）	0.99	11.73b	6.63b	25.42b
	M	y=150.71/（1+12.57e^-0.31^x）	0.98	11.49b	6.17b	18.92c

The Differences of Plant Nitrogen Transport and Grain Nitrogen Accumulation in Different Yield Levels of Wheat Field

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