Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (8): 1455-1468.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.08.004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Postponing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Flag Leaf Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Spring Wheat Under High Temperature Stress

LI YongFei1(), LI ZhanKui1, ZHANG ZhanSheng2, CHEN YongWei3, KANG JianHong1(), WU HongLiang1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021
    2 Ningxia General Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Yinchuan 750000
    3 Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Service Center of Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation, Yinchuan 750000
  • Received:2023-11-08 Accepted:2023-12-19 Online:2024-04-16 Published:2024-04-24
  • Contact: KANG JianHong, WU HongLiang

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Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of postponing nitrogen fertilizer on membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment substance content in flag leaves and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under high temperature stress were investigated, and the scientific fertilization methods to alleviate high temperature premature senescence of spring wheat after anthesis were screened. 【Method】From 2022 to 2023, Ning 3015 was used as the test material, and the test was carried out in the test base of the sixth team of Pingjipu Agricultural Reclamation in Ningxia. The split-plot experiment design was adopted. The main plot was temperature, with (25±2)℃ (normal temperature, RT) and (35±2)℃ (high temperature, HT), and the sub-plot was nitrogen fertilizer operation. The total amount of nitrogen application was constant, with 300 kg·N·hm-2: in 2022, G1 (30% of nitrogen application at tillering stage), G2 (30% of nitrogen application at jointing stage), G3 (30% of nitrogen application at booting stage), G4 (20% of nitrogen application at heading stage) and G5 (20% of nitrogen application at filling stage) were set up; in 2023, a total of three fertilization methods, including G1, G3 and G5, were selected from the previous year 's test results. Samples were taken every 5 days from the flowering stage to determine the indexes of membrane lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substances in flag leaves. 【Result】Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activities, proline (Pro) content in flag leaves and yield in two consecutive years of Nitrogen Fertilizer Transportation Experiment (NFTO) reached the highest under the G5 treatment, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and membrane permeability were the lowest under the G5 treatment, which were significantly different from the G1 treatment (P<0.01). According to Pearson's (Pearson) correlation analysis, it was shown that spring wheat grain yield was significantly positively correlated (P<0.05) with SOD, POD, CAT activities and proline content, while it was significantly negatively correlated (P<0.05) with MDA content and membrane permeability. Comprehensive evaluation showed that the ordering of the principal component scores of nitrogen fertilizer transport in 2022 and 2023 was G5>G3>G4>G2>G1 and G5>G3>G1, respectively, and the trend of the results of the two-year test was consistent. 【Conclusion】Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer postponing could reduce the membrane lipid peroxidation of spring wheat flag leaves under high temperature stress, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic adjustment substances, and then increase the yield. In this experiment, the treatment of 20% total nitrogen application at filling stage was more suitable.

Key words: spring wheat, nitrogen fertilizer transport, high temperature stress, flag leaf, physiological characteristic, yield

Fig. 1

Average meteorological data of dynamic changes of air temperature and light intensity in 3 d at high temperature"

Table 1

Nitrogen fertilizer application program"

处理
Treatment		 基肥
Base fertilizer (kg·hm-2)		 氮肥追肥量Nitrogen fertilizer application（kg·hm-2）
苗期
Seedling stage		 分蘖期
Tillering period		 拔节期
Jointing phase		 孕穗期
Booting period		 抽穗期
Heading period		 灌浆期
Grout period
G1 210.00 （10%）58.50 （30%）176.40 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （10%）58.50 （10%）58.50
G2 210.00 （10%）58.50 （20%）117.60 （30%）176.40 （20%）117.60 （10%）58.50 （10%）58.50
G3 210.00 （10%）58.50 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （30%）176.40 （10%）58.50 （10%）58.50
G4 210.00 （10%）58.50 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （10%）58.50
G5 210.00 （10%）58.50 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （20%）117.60 （10%）58.50 （20%）117.60
灌溉Irrigation 单次灌溉量Single irrigation volume 450 m3·hm-2
次数Frequency 0 1 1 2 2 1 1
时间（月/日）
Time (month/day)		 _ 4/5 4/15 4/23 5/9 5/26 6/5
5/1 5/17

Table 2

Analysis of variance of the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and temperature treatments on each index"

变异来源
Source of variation		 2022 2023
温度
Temperature		 施肥方案
Fertilization program		 温度×施肥方案
Temperature× fertilization scheme		 温度
Temperature		 施肥方案
Fertilization program		 温度×施肥方案
Temperature× fertilization scheme
SOD 15 d ** ** ** ** ** NS
POD 15 d ** ** * ** ** *
CAT 15 d ** ** ** ** ** **
MDA 15 d ** ** * ** ** **
Pro 15 d ** ** * ** ** NS

Fig. 2

Dynamic changes of flag leaf membrane permeability of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer managements Letters on columns indicate significant differences between treatments. The same as below"

Table 3

Dynamic changes of malondialdehyde content in flag leaves of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer managements"

处理
Treatment		 丙二醛含量MDA content (μmol·g-1)
10 d 15 d 20 d
2022 RT G1 10.29a 11.88a 12.60a
G2 9.74ab 11.18ab 11.80ab
G3 8.72bc 10.14bc 10.61bc
G4 8.94bc 10.33bc 10.85bc
G5 7.96c 9.18c 9.44c
HT G1 10.29a 13.92a 15.04a
G2 9.74ab 12.86b 13.86b
G3 8.72bc 11.52c 12.20c
G4 8.94bc 11.76c 12.53c
G5 7.96c 10.12d 10.57d
2023 RT G1 11.76a 13.13a 14.99a
G3 10.77ab 12.17b 13.80b
G5 9.93b 11.61b 12.73c
HT G1 11.76a 15.31 a 16.34a
G3 10.77ab 13.77ab 14.86b
G5 9.93b 12.86b 13.50c

Fig. 3

Dynamic changes of SOD activity in flag leaves of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer managements"

Fig. 4

Dynamic changes of POD activity in flag leaves of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer management"

Fig. 5

Dynamic changes of CAT activity in flag leaves of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer management"

Fig.6

Dynamic changes of flag leaf Pro content in spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer management"

Fig. 7

Dynamic changes of grain yield of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer managements"

Fig. 8

Correlation analysis of flag leaf physiological characteristics and grain yield of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer managements"

Fig. 9

Comprehensive evaluation of physiological characteristics in flag leaves and yield of spring wheat under different nitrogen fertilizer management"

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