南粳系列超级稻品种灌浆期光合产物的分配特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.12.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the transport and distribution of photosynthetic products and related gene expression levels during the grain filling period of the Nanjing series of super rice, as well as the differences with the control varieties, to summarize the physiological advantages of high-yield in the Nanjing series super rice, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the development of high-quality and high-yield japonica rice.【Method】Nanjing 5718, Nanjingjinggu, Nanjing 3908, and Nanjing 5055 were used as the research materials, with Huaidao 5 as the control. The photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, distribution and transportation of aboveground dry matter, and expression levels of photosynthetic product transport related genes at different stages of flag leaf and seed development were measured every 7 days during the booting stage, flowering stage, and flowering to maturity stage, and yield differences were statistically analyzed too.【Result】The yield and 1000-grain weight of the Nanjing series of super rice were higher than those of Huaidao 5, and its net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves was significantly higher than that in Huaidao 5 during the booting stage and 28 days after flowering. In terms of photosynthetic product transport, the stem and leaf dry weight, leaf output, output rate, and transport rate of the Nanjing series super rice were significantly higher than those of Huaidao 5 after flowering, with Nanjing 5718 having the highest leaf output and output rate. The expression of genes related to starch degradation and carbohydrate metabolism (OsSPS1, OsSUT2, and OsGWD1) in the flag leaves of Nanjing 5718 was initiated earlier than other varieties, and the highest expression level was also higher than other varieties. The SWEET gene in grains played an important role in early sucrose transport during grain filling, while the OsPK3, OsSUT1, and OsSUT2 genes played an important role in sugar transport and unloading during the middle and late filling stages. The OsAGPL2 and OsDPE1 genes played the important roles in starch synthesis during the middle and late filling stages. The expression levels of genes related to starch synthesis and sugar transport in grains of Nanjing 5718, Nanjingjinggu, and Nanjing 3908 were significantly higher than those of Huaidao 5 at different stages. 【Conclusion】 The higher yield of the Nanjing series of super rice was mainly characterized by the following characteristics in terms of material transport: a large accumulation of dry matter in stem, leaf and panicles, and a high transport rate of leaf and stem dry matter; the high expression levels of genes related to sucrose metabolism and transport in leaves were beneficial for the synthesis, loading, and transport of sucrose at the source end; the high expression levels of genes related to sucrose transport and starch synthesis in grains were conducive to the unloading of sucrose at the storage end and the synthesis of starch in grains.

Key words: super rice, photosynthetic products, gene expression, products distribution, sucrose transport, high yield breeding

WEI XiaoDong, SONG XueMei, WANG Ning, ZHAO QingYong, ZHU Zhen, CHEN Tao, ZHAO Ling, WANG CaiLin, ZHANG YaDong. Distribution Characteristics of Photosynthetic Products of Nanjing Series of Super Rice During Filling Stage[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2024, 57(12): 2309-2321.

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基因 Gene	正向引物 Forward peimer (5'-3')	反向引物 Reverse primer (3'-5')
Actin	ACCATTGGTGCTGAGCGTTT	CGCAGCTTCCATTCCTATGAA
OsAGPL2	AGTTCGATTCAAGACGGATAGC	CGACTTCCACAGGCAGCTTATT
OsDPE1	ATAGCAGAAGACCTGGGGGT	AGAACTGCCATTCCAGGAGC
OsGWD1	ATGGCTTACTCCGTGACTTGG	CGTTCAGGAGAGCCAAGGAG
OsPK3	GAGCCCATTGGAGTCTCTCG	GGGACGATACTTGGCAACCA
OsSPS1	AGATTCGGAGCAAGGTGGTG	GCGAACCTGGTACTGAGCAT
OsSUT1	CTCAAAATGGGGAAGACGAAG	AAATCACAGCCACCAGAAATG
OsSUT2	TCACCCTAGCACAGAACAGG	CATCAGACCAAAAGAACCCA
OsSWEET4	TTTAGCTAAGCCGTCCCAAAG	CACGGCATGATGATGATATTG

品种 Variety	穗数 No. of panicles (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed -setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实收产量 Harvest yield (kg·hm⁻²)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	351.0±26.3a	127.4±21.3a	88.9±3.4ab	28.3±0.2a	11392.8±189.3a
南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	237.3±9.1b	137.3±6.5a	95.0±2.4a	28.2±0.3a	11524.8±90.9a
南粳晶谷Nanjingjinggu	237.3±27.2b	135.8±26.5a	91.2±0.5a	26.8±0.1b	12066.0±229.9a
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	243.1±10.0b	133.2±17.4a	92.6±0.5a	27.6±0.2b	10621.6±329.3b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	362.7±10.9a	118.8±17.7b	84.2±2.0b	25.7±0.4c	9760.5±125.6c

品种 Variety	叶片Leaf			茎秆Stem
品种 Variety	输出量 Output (g)	输出率 Output rate (%)	转运率 Transport rate (%)	输出量 Output (g)	输出率 Output rate (%)	转运率 Transport rate (%)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718	0.59±0.04a	35.37±4.78a	10.88±1.24a	1.05±0.07a	32.75±5.90a	19.23±1.05a
南粳3908 Nanjing 3908	0.42±0.06b	27.92±3.78b	12.10±1.27a	0.43±0.04c	14.56±4.60c	11.88±1.39b
南粳5055 Nanjing 5055	0.30±0.03c	23.18±4.07b	8.62±1.22b	0.14±0.08e	6.70±2.32d	4.12±1.61c
南粳晶谷 Nanjingjinggu	0.36±0.03d	24.25±4.64b	8.61±1.39b	0.80±0.06b	24.26±4.83b	18.02±2.19a
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5	0.24±0.08e	19.40±1.23c	6.21±0.59c	0.36±0.03d	15.61±1.92c	9.65±1.79b

Distribution Characteristics of Photosynthetic Products of Nanjing Series of Super Rice During Filling Stage

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