Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (15): 3059-3070.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.15.007

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• SPECIAL FOCUS: INTEGRATED AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT CLOSE THE YIELD GAP • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Responses of Canopy Radiation and Nitrogen Distribution, Leaf Senescence and Radiation Use Efficiency on Increased Planting Density of Different Variety Types of Maize

BAI YanWen1(),ZHANG HongJun2,ZHU YaLi1,ZHENG XueHui1,YANG Mei1,LI CongFeng3,ZHANG RenHe1()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
    2Shaanxi Seed Work Station, Xi'an 710003
    3Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2020-04-09 Accepted:2020-06-11 Online:2020-08-01 Published:2020-08-06
  • Contact: RenHe ZHANG E-mail:yanwbai1993@163.com;zhangrenhe1975@163.com

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of planting density on canopy senescence, radiation use efficiency and yield of different plant types maize, so as to provide technical support for cultivation of high yield and high efficiency of spring maize in northern Shaanxi. 【Method】 In 2017 and 2018, the field experiments were conducted by using two maize hybrids, including Shaandan 609 (compact) and Shaandan 8806 (flat), with four planting density treatments, including 45 000, 60 000, 75 000 and 90 000 plants/hm2. Canopy light and nitrogen distribution, leaf senescence, nitrogen accumulation, dry matter production, radiation use efficiency and yield components were determined. 【Result】 Shaandan609 and Shaandan8806 reached the highest grain yield at 90 000 plants/hm2 (13 824 kg·hm-2) and 60 000 plants/hm2 (9 566 kg·hm-2), respectively. Compared with 45 000 plants/hm2, the average kernels per ear (17.8% and 30.1%) and 100-kernels weight (15.2% and 19.6%) of Shaandan609 and Shaandan 8806 both reduced under 90 000 plants/hm2. The canopy light interception and leaf nitrogen concentration of the two varieties showed: the upper layer>the middle layer>the lower layer. With the increase of planting density, the fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation interception (FIPAR) and leaf nitrogen concentration increased at upper layer, but decreased at the mid and lower layer. When the density increased to 90 000 plants/hm2, the FIPAR at middle and upper canopy and the lower canopy of Shaandan 8806 were 8.8% and 70.6% lower than Shaandan 609, respectively, and the leaf nitrogen concentration at middle and upper canopy layer and lower canopy of Shaandan 609 were 16.0% and 40.5% higher than Shaandan 8806. When density increased from 45 000 plants/hm2 to 90 000 plants/hm2, the relative green leaf area at maturity (RGLAm) decreased by 36.4% and 63.3%, respectively, while the mean rate of decrease in RGLA (Vm) increased by 40.2% and 34.6%, respectively. The sequence of date of onset of leaf senescence (Ts) was as follows: the lower layer>the upper layer>the middle layer. Compared with Shaandan 8806, the green leaf area was higher in the middle and upper layer of Shaandan 609, and maintained a higher green leaf area at the lower layer during the later growth stage under 90 000 plants/hm2. With the increasing of planting density, the nitrogen uptake during the pre-silking (Npre) and post-silking (Npost), and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) increased significantly. When the density increased to 90 000 plants/hm2, Npre, Npost and NHI of Shaandan 609 were 23.5%, 43.9% and 12.7% higher than Shaandan 8806, respectively. The biomass yield (BM), intercept photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) increased significantly when improved plant density. When the density increased to 90 000 plants/hm2, the BM, IPAR, RUE and HI of Shaandan 609 were 26.1%, 10.2%, 9.1% and 14.8% higher than Shaandan 8806.【Conclusion】Compared with Shaandan 8806, the compact maize Shaandan 609 could improve the spatial distribution of light and nitrogen at the middle and upper layer under high density, increased the light intercept at the middle and lower canopy, delayed leaf senescence at the mid and lower canopy, and promoted the dry matter accumulation after silking, so a higher grain yield and RUE were obtained.

Key words: spring maize, plant type, plant density, canopy senescence, radiation and nitrogen distribution, radiation use efficiency

Fig. 1

Solar radiation, temperature, rainfall and daily relative humidity changes during the maize growth period in 2017 and 2018"

Fig. 2

Effects of planting density on yield components of different plant types of maize Different letters represent significantly different among planting densities in same hybrid at P<0.05. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Effects of planting density on the fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation for different plant-types maize (grain filling stage)"

Fig. 4

Effects of planting density on canopy nitrogen concentration of different layer for different plant types of maize(grain filling stage)"

Fig. 5

Effects of planting density on leaf senescence of different plant-type maize canopy"

Table1

Effects of planting density on senescence characteristics of maize with different plant types"

年份
Year		 品种
Hybrid		 密度
Density (plants/hm2)		 方程参数 相关系数
R2		 衰老性状参数
b c RGLAm Vm Ts Vmax Tmax
2017 陕单609
Shaandan609		 45000 6.654 0.092 0.9852 57.3 0.76 38.3 2.30 72.3
60000 5.884 0.092 0.9912 54.2 0.82 31.8 2.31 63.7
75000 5.344 0.097 0.9952 52.6 0.86 24.7 2.43 54.9
90000 5.123 0.113 0.9758 40.8 1.06 19.3 2.83 45.3
陕单8806
Shaandan8806		 45000 4.525 0.084 0.9689 43.0 1.05 18.8 2.10 53.9
60000 4.156 0.093 0.9856 33.4 1.22 13.0 2.33 44.7
75000 3.926 0.114 0.9954 30.4 1.30 8.6 2.85 34.4
90000 3.756 0.125 0.9921 16.7 1.50 6.5 3.13 30.0
2018 陕单609
Shaandan609		 45000 6.150 0.088 0.9832 48.1 0.93 36.4 2.20 69.9
60000 5.741 0.092 0.9856 34.9 1.02 30.4 2.30 62.4
75000 5.543 0.098 0.9769 34.8 1.16 26.5 2.45 56.6
90000 5.322 0.110 0.9961 26.9 1.30 21.6 2.75 48.4
陕单8806
Shaandan8806		 45000 4.368 0.091 0.9795 43.5 1.26 15.6 2.28 48.0
60000 3.925 0.099 0.9899 35.4 1.15 9.9 2.48 39.6
75000 3.812 0.118 0.9916 21.8 1.40 7.4 2.95 32.3
90000 3.856 0.131 0.9857 15.1 1.59 7.0 3.28 29.4

Fig. 6

Effects of planting density on nitrogen uptake (pre-silking and post silking) and nitrogen harvest index in different plant types of maize NHI, Npre and Npost denote the nitrogen uptake during the pre-silking and post-silking period and nitrogen harvest index"

Fig. 7

Effects of planting density on the plant biomass and harvest index of different plant-type maize HI, BMpre and BMpost denote the harvest index, the above-ground biomass accumulation during the pre-silking and post-silking period"

Table 2

Effect of planting density on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation and radiation use efficiency of different plant- type maize"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 密度
Density (plants/hm2)		 吐丝前Pre-silking 吐丝后Post-silking
IPAR (MJ·m-2) RUE (g·MJ-1) IPAR (MJ·m-2) RUE (g·MJ-1)
2017 陕单609
Shaandan609		 45000 807.7d 1.046d 1033.5c 1.331d
60000 933.4c 1.083c 1075.8b 1.482c
75000 1021.5b 1.112b 1084.2a 1.526b
90000 1091.7a 1.203a 1086.6a 1.539a
陕单8806
Shaandan8806		 45000 1007.2d 0.894b 997.0b 1.169c
60000 1108.1c 0.902a 1035.1a 1.392a
75000 1159.1b 0.886b 1020.2a 1.348b
90000 1214.7a 0.851c 995.7b 1.345b
2018 陕单609
Shaandan609		 45000 837.2c 0.824d 1004.1d 1.449c
60000 931.2c 0.969c 1061.2c 1.497b
75000 1028.9b 1.022b 1077.2b 1.648a
90000 1094.3a 1.083a 1088.9a 1.611a
陕单8806
Shaandan8806		 45000 1063.4d 0.887b 991.8c 1.376b
60000 1129.1c 0.931a 1038.8a 1.475a
75000 1188.1b 0.862b 1026.6b 1.366b
90000 1274.6a 0.763c 958.0d 1.337c
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