Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (15): 3048-3058.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.15.006

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• SPECIAL FOCUS: INTEGRATED AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT CLOSE THE YIELD GAP • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Regulation Effects of Improved Cultivation Measures on Canopy Structure and Yield Formation of Dense Spring Maize Population

PIAO Lin1,2(),LI Bo2,CHEN XiChang2,DING ZaiSong1,ZHANG Yu2,ZHAO Ming1(),LI CongFeng1()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    2Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086
  • Received:2020-04-21 Accepted:2020-06-15 Online:2020-08-01 Published:2020-08-06
  • Contact: Ming ZHAO,CongFeng LI E-mail:piaolin_007@163.com;zhaoming@caas.cn;licongfeng@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study was to clarify the regulating effect of improved cultivation modes on canopy structure and population production of spring maize, and the contribution for grain yield increasing in the future.【Method】Maize cultivar “Zhongdan 909” was used as experimental materials, under 105 000 plants/hm2 as planting density, setting four cultivation modes via the combination among different cultivation measures, which were subsoiling tillage (S), wide-narrow rows (W), and chemical regulator (C): (1) Traditional mode (rotary tillage 20 cm, plus 60 cm uniform plant spacing; RU), (2) Tillage improved mode (subsoiling tillage 35 cm, plus 60 cm uniform plant spacing; SU), (3) Canopy improved mode (traditional rotary tillage 20 cm, plus 80+40 cm plant spacing, and foliar spraying ECK; RWC), and (4) Synthetically improved mode (subsoiling tillage 35 cm, plus 80+40 cm plant spacing, and foliar spraying ECK; SWC). Investigated based on the differences of canopy continual sections (vertical), light distribution, photosynthesis, activity of the key sucrose synthetase enzyme, the dry matter accumulation, and grain fulling. 【Result】Compared with the traditional mode (RU; CK), the green leaf weight of tillage improved mode (SU) increased obviously, and the height and ear height of population reduced more than 30 cm under the canopy improved conditions (RWC and SWC), but the regularity degree of maize population were declined markedly; The leaves vertical distribution more uniformly, looked like “spindle type”, were the vertical height of 180-240 cm light interception and was significantly less than traditional mode (8%-37%), while the ear position (120-180 cm) was significantly higher than traditional mode (44%-129%); However, the leaves distribution of RU and SU treatments were more like “funnel type”, leaves were concentrated in the upper layer. Tillage and canopy improving synergistically could improve the canopy vertical structure significantly, promoted the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate of leaves at ear position and under ear position, as well as enzyme activity own in the sucrose metabolic of ear position leaf. Maintaining the physiological activity of canopy leaves in the late growth stage, which would prolong the active accumulation period of dry matter more than 10 days. 【Conclusion】Synthetical improved mode (SWC) significantly increased the light transmission and C metabolic activity of leaves via changing the biomass spatial distribution, which promoted the canopy productivity of the functional leaves meanwhile the grain filling, then the grain yield were enhanced dramatically.

Key words: spring maize, cultivation measures, canopy structure, dry matter, high plant density, grain yield

Fig. 1

Vertical distribution of canopy biomass in spring maize under different cultivation modes in 2014 RU, conventional mode (CK); SU, tillage improved mode; RWC, canopy improved mode; SWC, synthetical improved mode. The gray bar represents the biomass weight of ear layers (and the ear weight in lower layer), dark gray and break bars represent the biomass weight of upper and lower ear layers respectively. The same as below"

Fig. 2

The vertical distribution of canopy transmittance under different cultivation modes in 2014 The black region (optimized treatment>control) and gray region (optimized treatment<control) indicated the difference value of treatments. Dotted line indicates the height of the ear"

Fig. 3

SPAD value and net photosynthetic rates (Pn) in maize at filling stage of different cultivation modes Small letters indicate significantly different at 0.05 probability level. The same as below"

Fig. 4

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthetase (SS) activity of different cultivation modes “*”represent significance at the 0.05 probability. The same as below"

Fig. 5

Biomass accumulation under different cultivation modes on maize The white, black and grey bars represent the period of slow, rapid and maintain respectively"

Fig. 6

Dry grain weight per 100-kernel dynamics and filling rate under different cultivation modes"

Fig. 7

The effects of cultivation modes on yield Yield in variance analysis of different year: Year (Y), P=0.192; Cultivation mode(C), P=0.014; Y× C: P =0.496.; P<0.05 indicates significant difference"

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