Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (14): 2840-2851.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.14.008

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY·AGRICULTURE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of Subsoiling and No-Tillage Frequencies on Soil Aggregates and Carbon Pools in the Loess Plateau

ZHANG Qi(),WANG ShuLan,WANG Hao,LIU PengZhao,WANG XuMin,ZHANG YuanHong,LI HaoYu,WANG Rui,WANG XiaoLi(),LI Jun()   

  1. College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shannxi
  • Received:2019-12-23 Accepted:2020-02-19 Online:2020-07-16 Published:2020-08-10
  • Contact: XiaoLi WANG,Jun LI E-mail:17835424993@163.com;nwwanxl@nwsuaf.edu.cn;junli@nwsuaf.edu.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】This study was aimed to clarify the effects of reducing the frequencies of subsoiling on the soil structures and soil carbon pool in spring maize fields on the Loess Plateau. 【Method】A long-term positioning experiment of conservation tillage with different frequencies of subsoiling and no-tillage was carried out in spring maize fields on Weibei dryland from 2007 to 2019, with continuous subsoiling (S) as the contrast, which set up combination tillage modes of no-tillage and subsoiling to reduce the frequency of subsoiling: subsoiling once two years (NS) and subsoiling once three years (NNS). The effects of reducing the frequency of subsoiling on soil aggregates, carbon preservation capacity of soil aggregates, soil carbon pool composition and carbon pool management index under different tillage treatments were observed after 12 year continuous experiment. 【Result】(1) Decreasing the frequency of subsoiling improved the content of macroaggregates (R0.25), the content of 0-40 cm soil layer mechanical-stability aggregates (DR0.25) increased by 3.8% and water-stable aggregates (WR0.25) increased by 38.9% under NNS treatment, respectively. NS treatment increased the WR0.25 by 41.8%. Meanwhile, NNS decreased the destruction rate (PAD) and unstable aggregate index (ELT) of aggregates, with the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometrical mean diameter (GMD) significantly increased by 13.3% and 16.6%. (2) The total carbon preservation capacity (TOPC) of the aggregates under NNS and NS was significantly increased. The average carbon sequestration capacity of aggregates in 0-40 cm soil layer under NNS was increased by 10.8%, whereas it was decreased in 20-30 cm soil layer. The carbon preservation ability of aggregates in different sizes indicated that the carbon preservation ability of aggregates with particle size of <0.25 mm was stronger. (3) NNS treatment had no significant effect on the total organic carbon (TOC) content in 0-40 cm soil layer, but increased the TOC content in the 10-20 cm soil layer, reduced stratification effect of surface soil organic carbon, and decreased the TOC content in 30-40 cm soil layer and caused the effect of organic carbon layering in deep soil. (4) The content of active organic carbon (EOC) in the 0-40 cm soil layer under NNS treatment obviously increased by 24.9%. Furthermore, the increase of EOC content lead to higher EOC/TOC ratio, carbon pool activity (A) and carbon pool activity index (AI), with the carbon pool management index (CPIM) increased by 39.8% compared to S. 【Conclusion】Long-term continuous subsoiling was not conducive to the formation of soil aggregates and the cycle of soil carbon pools. While subsoiling once three years tillage mode helped to reduce the degree of damage about soil aggregates, improve the carbon pool management index and adjust the renewal and cycling of soil carbon pool, which was a suitable tillage model for the region.

Key words: Loess plateau, spring maize, subsoiling frequency, soil aggregates, soil carbon pool

Fig. 1

Average monthly rainfall and temperature in 2007-2019"

Table 1

Soil physical and chemical properties at beginning of experiment"

土层
Soil depth (cm）		 pH 有机质
Organic matter (g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 全磷
Total phosphorus (g·kg-1)		 全钾
Total potassium (g·kg-1)		 容重
Bulk density (g·cm-3)		 孔隙度
Porosity
(%)
0-20 7.86 9.95 0.74 0.59 5.92 1.36 48.68
20-40 7.96 8.41 0.65 0.69 5.53 1.45 44.66

Fig. 2

Contents of force-stable aggregates (DR0.25) and water-stable aggregates (WR0.25) under different frequency subsoiling treatments 下同 Different letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level. The same as below"

Fig. 3

Rate of structure break-up (PAD) and unstable aggregate index (ELT) under different frequency subsoiling treatments"

Table 2

The mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometrical mean diameter (GMD) of WR0.25 under different frequency of subsoiling treatment (mm)"

项目
Items		 处理
Treatment		 土层深度Depth
0-10 cm 10-20 cm 20-30 cm 30-40 cm AVG
平均质量直径
MWD		 NNS 1.05a 0.97b 1.03a 0.88a 0.98a
NS 1.04a 1.00a 0.85b 0.85a 0.94a
S 0.92b 0.94b 0.82b 0.72b 0.85b
几何平均直径
GMD		 NNS 0.92a 0.82a 0.88a 0.73a 0.84a
NS 0.85b 0.85a 0.72ab 0.72a 0.78a
S 0.75c 0.77b 0.68b 0.60b 0.70b

Table 3

Carbon preservation capacity of soil aggregates under different frequency of subsoiling treatments"

土层深度
Depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 总固碳能力
TOPC (g·kg-1)		 不同粒级团聚体固碳能力Aggregate-associated CPC (g·kg-1)
>2 mm 2-1 mm 1-0.5mm 0.5-0.25mm 0.25-0.053mm <0.053mm
0-10 NNS 8.60a 0.47a 0.47b 1.09a 1.33a 2.27a 2.98a
NS 7.42ab 0.39a 0.36b 0.79b 0.89a 2.05a 2.94a
S 6.42b 0.37a 0.85a 1.09a 0.65b 1.82b 1.63b
10-20 NNS 7.92a 0.09c 0.35b 1.73a 0.97a 1.50a 3.27a
NS 8.14a 0.63a 0.59a 1.17a 1.14a 1.47a 3.14a
S 6.66b 0.26b 0.41b 0.86b 0.77a 1.12b 3.24a
20-30 NNS 4.58b 0.15b 0.27a 0.41b 0.72a 1.35b 1.68b
NS 6.77a 0.10b 0.24a 0.36b 0.59b 3.47a 2.01b
S 6.93a 0.21a 0.33a 0.50a 0.85a 1.38b 3.65a
30-40 NNS 6.64a 0.15a 0.21a 0.43a 0.64a 1.70a 3.50a
NS 6.17a 0.01b 0.15a 0.31a 0.44b 0.96b 4.30a
S 4.70b 0.03b 0.09b 0.31a 0.36b 1.19b 2.72b
AVG NNS 6.93a 0.21a 0.33b 0.91a 0.92a 1.70a 2.86b
NS 7.13a 0.28a 0.30b 0.66b 0.76b 1.99a 3.10a
S 6.18b 0.22a 0.42a 0.69b 0.66c 1.38b 2.81b

Fig. 4

TOC and EOC content in soil under different frequency of subsoiling treatments"

Table 4

SOC stratification ratio under different frequency of subsoiling treatments"

项目
Item		 处理
Treatment		 土层深度 Depth
0-10/10-20 cm 10-20/20-30 cm 20-30/30-40 cm
总有机碳
TOC		 NNS 1.18b 1.16ab 1.68a
NS 1.26ab 1.25a 1.33b
S 1.35a 1.01b 1.33b
活性有机碳
EOC		 NNS 2.12a 0.77b 0.98b
NS 1.62b 1.00a 0.78b
S 1.58b 1.00a 1.37a

Table 5

Change of SOC fractions under different frequency of subsoiling treatments."

土层
Depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 活性有机碳/总有机碳
EOC/TOC (%)		 非活性有机碳/总有机碳
HOC/TOC (%)		 氧化稳定系数
Kos
0-10 NNS 0.33a 0.67b 1.99b
NS 0.25b 0.75a 2.96a
S 0.26b 0.74a 2.91a
10-20 NNS 0.19a 0.81a 4.38a
NS 0.20a 0.80a 4.11a
S 0.22a 0.78a 3.57b
20-30 NNS 0.28a 0.72a 2.56b
NS 0.23b 0.77a 3.29a
S 0.22b 0.78a 3.55a
30-40 NNS 0.48a 0.52c 1.08b
NS 0.40a 0.60b 1.53b
S 0.21b 0.79a 3.70a
AVG NNS 0.32a 0.68b 2.50b
NS 0.27b 0.73ab 2.97ab
S 0.23b 0.77a 3.43a

Table 6

Soil carbon pool management index"

土层
Depth (cm)		 处理
Treatment		 碳库指数
CPI		 碳库活度
A		 碳库活度指数
AI		 碳库管理指数
CPMI
0-10 NNS 1.03a 0.50a 1.46a 150.00a
NS 1.04a 0.34b 0.99b 102.18b
S 1.00b 0.34b 1.00b 100.00b
10-20 NNS 1.18a 0.23b 0.81b 95.94ab
NS 1.12a 0.24b 0.87b 97.13ab
S 1.00b 0.28a 1.00a 100.00a
20-30 NNS 1.02a 0.39a 1.38a 140.69a
NS 0.94b 0.30a 1.08b 101.73b
S 1.00a 0.28a 1.00b 100.00b
30-40 NNS 0.80b 0.93a 3.42a 275.09a
NS 0.95b 0.65b 2.42ab 229.13a
S 1.00a 0.27c 1.00b 100.00b
AVG NNS 1.01a 0.51a 1.77a 165.43a
NS 1.01a 0.39b 1.34ab 132.54ab
S 1.00a 0.29b 1.00b 100.00b
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