尿素配施不同用量纳米碳对桃幼树生长及 氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.24.010

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to clarify whether carbon nanoscale could promote the growth of peach trees and to screen out the optimum application ratio of carbon and urea, it was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the application of carbon nanomaterials to improve the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in the process of fruit tree cultivation. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted by using isotope tracer technology. The 2-year-old Rui pan 21/peaches was used as a test material and ¹⁵N urea was used in different doses under potting conditions (5 treatments: CK: 0 mL, T1: 5 mL, T2: 10 mL, T3: 15 mL, and T4: 20 mL). And the nano-carbon sol was tested to investigate the effects of nanocarbon on soil physical and chemical properties, peach growth and development, and nitrogen absorption and utilization. The pH value, redox potential and electrical conductivity of the soil, the dry diameter of 2 cm at the upper part of the plant and the dry weight of each part of the plant, the chlorophyll SPAD value of the leaf, the net photosynthetic rate, the structure of the root system, the total N content, and the ¹⁵N abundance of each part of the plant were measured. 【Result】 Application of nano-carbon significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil oxidation-reduction potential, and affected the redox state of soil solution; with the increase of the amount of nano-carbon, the soil conductivity showed a tendency of decreasing at the early stage of treatment and increasing at a later stage. The application of nano-carbon promoted the growth of the root system of young peach trees. The net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content of peach leaves and diameter were increased. The total biomass accumulation of peach trees was highest under T3 treatment, which was 778 g and was 28.4% higher than that under CK. The application of nano-carbon increased the Ndff value of fine roots, coarse roots, lateral branches, spring shoot leaves and other organs of peach trees. Compared with CK, T1 treatment significantly increased the nitrogen distribution rate of the main trunk and the central trunk, while T3 and T4 treatment decreased the nitrogen distribution rate of the main trunk. The nitrogen utilization rate of peach plants was increased significantly with the application of nano-carbon, and the treated with T3 was the highest, being 45.2%, which was 66.5% higher than that under CK. With the increase the amount of carbon nanoscale, the nitrogen residue rate of soil increased. The treatments of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 1.06 times, 1.35 times, 1.62 times and 1.70 times of CK, respectively, and the nitrogen loss rate decreased significantly. 【Conclusion】 The application of urea with nano-carbon could improve soil physical and chemical properties, effectively adsorb nitrogen in soil, significantly reduce nitrogen loss rate, increase plant nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen residue, and promote root growth and plant morphology of peach trees.

Key words: nano-carbon, peach, ¹⁵N, nitrogen utilization rate, nitrogen loss rate

WANG GuoDong,XIAO YuanSong,PENG FuTian,ZHANG YaFei,GAO HuaiFeng,SUN XiWu,HE Yue. Effects of Urea Application Combined with Different Amounts of Nano-Carbon on Plant Growth Along with Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Young Peach Trees[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(24): 4700-4709.

Figures/Tables 7

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器官 Organ	干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation (g)
器官 Organ	CK	T1	T2	T3	T4
细根 Fine root	52.7±1.8c	57.6±1.0bc	63.8±2.7b	75.6±6.5a	78.2±2.1a
粗根 Coarse root	109.1±2.9c	114.9±3.6c	122.8±4.3b	132.3±3.3a	136.1±6.0a
主干 Trunk	47.4±1.9d	54.1±1.2c	61.6±1.4b	65.4±2.3a	67.0±1.5a
中心干 Central trunk	134.3±2.9d	144.7±5.6c	156.0±4.2b	168.2±2.7a	163.8±1.6a
侧枝 Lateral branch	110.5±6.2b	108.7±7.1b	126.6±4.9a	135.1±4.3a	125.±2.1a
春梢叶 Spring leaves	41.0±1.9b	44.2±1.7b	45.5±1.1b	54.7±4.3a	45.5±1.7b
秋梢叶 Autumn leaves	110.7±1.9c	117.5±3.5c	126.5±6.5b	146.7±5.5a	128.9±2.7b
地下部 Underground part	161.9±4.5c	172.4±4.0c	186.7±6.8b	207.8±9.8a	214.4±7.8a
地上部 Overground part	443.9±6.0d	469.2±15.4c	516.1±9.8b	570.1±10.6a	531.1±1.4b
植株 Plant	605.8±1.5e	641.6±12.3d	702.7±11.6c	778.0±12.5a	745.5±6.8b
根冠比 Root and crown ratio	0.365±0.015b	0.368±0.020b	0.362±0.015b	0.365±0.020b	0.404±0.015a

处理Treatments	叶绿素SPAD值 Chlorophy SPAD value			净光合速率Pn (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
处理Treatments	6月16日	7月25日	9月15日	6月25日	7月25日
CK	40.6±0.4c	45.2±0.3e	48.8±0.4d	11.5±0.3d	17.5±0.2b
T1	41.2±0.1c	46.4±0.7d	49.3±0.1cd	12.8±0.3c	18.2±0.3b
T2	42.5±0.6b	47.4±0.7c	50.2±0.6b	13.9±0.2b	20.3±0.6a
T3	43.4±0.3a	49.5±0.4a	51.4±0.3a	14.6±0.5a	20.8±0.2a
T4	42.4±0.3b	48.6±0.3ab	49.6±0.3bc	14.4±0.3ab	20.2±0.6a

项目 Item	处理 Treatments	细根 Fine root	粗根 Coarse root	主干 Trunk	中心干 Central trunk	侧枝 Lateral branch	春梢叶 Spring leaves	秋梢叶 Autumn leaves
Ndff (%)	CK	0.82±0.04d	0.69±0.03d	0.72±0.05c	0.81±0.03c	0.64±0.04d	0.83±0.03d	0.56±0.03b
	T1	0.98±0.04c	0.81±0.02c	0.92±0.03a	0.94±0.03b	0.72±0.03c	0.89±0.02c	0.60±0.03b
	T2	1.05±0.03b	0.84±0.02c	0.92±0.02a	1.02±0.04a	0.85±0.03b	0.95±0.03bc	0.66±0.01a
	T3	1.09±0.00ab	0.96±0.03b	0.83±0.02b	0.96±0.02b	0.91±0.01a	1.02±0.04b	0.67±0.04a
	T4	1.13±0.03a	1.03±0.04a	0.74±0.01c	0.85±0.01c	0.95±0.02a	1.09±0.05a	0.68±0.03a
氮素分配率 N distribtion rate (%)	CK	16.37±0.49a	12.73±0.98ab	3.69±0.33b	9.98±0.55b	9.69±0.45bc	14.44±0.42a	33.09±0.80a
	T1	15.98±0.80a	12.99±0.43ab	4.27±0.26a	10.97±0.34a	9.18±0.50c	14.83±0.78a	31.79±1.04ab
	T2	15.81±0.75a	12.09±0.30b	3.54±0.23b	10.45±0.47ab	10.63±0.59a	15.24±0.75a	32.25±0.82a
	T3	15.89±1.20a	12.86±0.70ab	2.87±0.11c	9.97±0.49b	10.27±0.39ab	15.73±1.15a	32.40±0.33a
	T4	16.99±0.98a	13.42±0.67a	2.49±0.05c	9.63±0.11b	10.26±0.17ab	14.99±0.86a	30.50±0.82b

Effects of Urea Application Combined with Different Amounts of Nano-Carbon on Plant Growth Along with Nitrogen Absorption and Utilization in Young Peach Trees

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