Scientia Agricultura Sinica

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Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Summer Maize Yield and Soil Ammonia Volatilization in Guanzhong Area under Climate Change

ZHAO ZhengXin1,2, WANG XiaoYun1,2, TIAN YaJie1,2, WANG Rui1,2, PENG Qing1,2, CAI HuanJie1,2* #br#   

  1. 1College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; 2Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas in Northwest China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
  • Online:2022-01-26 Published:2022-01-26

Abstract: 【ObjectiveReturning straw to the field and applying nitrogen fertilizer can increase crop productivity. However, under the conditions of climate change, different management measures have great uncertainty in the nitrogen utilization of summer maize farmland. It is very important to clarify the impact of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer types on summer corn yield and soil ammonia volatilization under future climate conditions.MethodThis study used the DNDC model to predict the impact of returning straw to the field and different types of nitrogen fertilizers on summer corn yield and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation in Guanzhong area under different scenarios in the future. Through the verification of field soil temperature, moisture, yield and soil ammonia volatilization test data, the DNDC model could simulate crop yields and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation under different treatments under future climate conditions well.ResultBoth simulation and actual measurement results showed that returning straw to the field increased crop yields and promoted soil ammonia volatilization in the current climate. Compared with ordinary urea, slow-release fertilizers had no significant effect on yield but will significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization accumulation. Sensitivity analysis showed that both crop yield and soil ammonia volatilization accumulation were the most sensitive to nitrogen application. Under the RCP4.5 emission scenario, single application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (NF1) treatment and single application of urea (NF2) treatment significantly reduced the yield in 2050s-2090s and 2070s-2090s, respectively. Both the treatment of straw combined with stable nitrogen fertilizer (SF1) and the treatment of straw combined with urea (SF2) significant increased in production in 2050s-2090s; under the RCP8.5 emission scenario, single application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (NF1) treatment significantly reduced the yield from 2070s to 2090s, and single application of urea (NF2) treatment showed no significant change. Straw combined application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (SF1) treatment and straw combined application of urea (SF2) treatment were both in 2050s-2090s production increased significantly. Single application of stable nitrogen fertilizer (NF1) treatment under the RCP4.5 emission scenario in 2050s-2090s and under the RCP8.5 emission scenario 2030s-2090s soil ammonia volatilization accumulation significantly increased compared with current climate conditions, for the remaining treatments, the cumulative amount of soil ammonia volatilization in future periods under different emission scenarios would be significantly reduce compared with current climatic conditions.ConclusionThe DNDC forecast results showed that under the climate conditions of rising temperature and CO2 concentration and changing precipitation in the Guanzhong area in the future, returning straw to the field and applying stable nitrogen fertilizer would significantly increase the yield of summer corn and reduce the accumulation of ammonia volatilization in the soil, and it was the best high-yield and emission-reducing farmland management plan. This research could provide a theoretical basis for coping with climate change and the rational use of straw and nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: straw, ammonia volatilization; DNDC model, climate change, fertilizer type, Guanzhong area of Shaanxi

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