Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 892-906.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.05.007

• SOIL & FERTILIZER · WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION · AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of Subsoiling Combined with Straw Returning Measure on Pore Structure of Black Soil

YANG JianJun1(), GAI Hao1, ZHANG MengXuan1, CAI YuRong1, WANG LiYan2, WANG LiGang1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    2 Qinggang Meteorological Bureau, Qinggang 151600, Heilongjiang
  • Received:2022-07-11 Accepted:2022-09-14 Online:2023-03-01 Published:2023-03-13

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Abstract:

【Objective】The effect of subsoiling combined with straw returning on soil pore structure of black soil in Northeast China is lack of definite judgment. Aimed at such problem, this research was conducted in order to provide scientific basis for the influence mechanism of this measure on soil structure of black soil and the establishment of reasonable tillage.【Method】In this study, a 5-year field positioning experiment conducted in Qinggang County, Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province, a typical black soil area in Northeast China was used as a platform. Farmers’ conventional treatment (FP), 25 cm subsoiling alone treatment (T2), 25 cm subsoiling combined with straw returning treatment (T3) and 35 cm subsoiling combined with straw returning treatment (T4) were set. The visualization and quantification of soil pore structure were studied using CT scanning technology, and combined with field capacity and bulk density to explore the effect of subsoiling combined with straw returning on the pore structure of black soil. 【Result】The results showed that the two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of soil pores clearly showed that the pore distribution at 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly less than that at 20-40 cm soil layer in all treatments, while the pore distribution of suboiling combined with straw returning treatment (T3 and T4) was significantly higher than that under FP treatment, and their macropores with more complex structure were increased. Quantitative analysis showed that compared with FP treatment, the total porosity of 20-30 cm soil layer under T2 was significantly increased by 103.0% (P<0.05), which was achieved by significantly increasing the micropores porosity(pore diameter d≤0.50 mm) by 91.3% and mesopores porosity (0.50 mm<d≤1.00 mm) by 143.5% (P<0.05). While subsowing combined with straw returning treatments (T3 and T4) significantly increased the total porosity of 0-30 cm soil layer by 109.8%-382.7% (P<0.05), which was achieved by significantly increasing the macropores porosity (d>1.00 mm) by 221.5%-661.7% and the mesopores porosity by 105.4%-544.9% (P<0.05). In addition, compared with FP treatment, subsoiling combined with straw returning (T3 and T4) significantly increased the fractal dimension of soil pores at 0-30cm soil layer by 9.9%-17.7% (P<0.05), decreased the Euler number by 32.4%-66.4% (P<0.05), and significantly increased the field water capacity by 24.2%-40.6% (P<0.05). Further analysis showed that the different pore size porosity and total porosity was significantly positively correlated with field capacity and fractal dimension, but significantly negatively correlated with Euler number (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】Subsoiling combined with straw returning could improve porosity of macropores and mesopores pore of black soil, improve pore structure and connectivity, and increase field capacity, especially the effect of 35 cm subsoiling combined with straw returning treatment is the most significant, which could be recommended measure for rational tillage construction in black soil of Northeast China.

Key words: Northeast black soil, subsoiling combined with straw returning, CT scanning technology, pore structure in soil

Table 1

Basic physical and chemical properties of soil in study site in 2017"

土壤深度
Soil depth (cm)		 土壤有机碳
SOC (g·kg-1)		 全氮
TN (mg·kg-1)		 速效磷
AP (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
AK (mg·kg-1)		 土壤容重
SBD (g·cm-3)		 pH
0-20 18.8 3.4 30.9 179.8 1.34 6.5
20-40 15.1 1.3 9.7 161.7 1.25 7.0
40-60 10.4 0.8 5.1 152.5 1.37 7.3
60-80 7.3 0.5 3.8 150.0 1.41 7.5
80-100 5.7 0.5 5.8 152.2 1.41 7.5

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of test plot and sampling sites layout"

Fig. 2

Tillage process of subsoiling combined with straw returning"

Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of a sample box"

Fig. 4

Two-dimensional structure diagram of soil pores under different subsoiling combined with straw returning The white part in the figure is the pore, and the black part is the soil matrix, the actual size is 2 cm×2 cm"

Fig. 5

Three-dimensional structure diagram of soil pores under different subsoiling combined with straw returning In the figure, the red part of the rectangular body is the pore, and the rest part is the soil matrix, the actual size is 2 cm×2 cm×40 cm"

Fig. 6

Effects of different subsoiling combined with straw returning on soil total porosity at different depths"

Fig. 7

Distribution of pore size porosity at different soil layers under different subsoiling combined with straw returning"

Table 2

Effects of different subsoiling combined with straw returning on soil fractal dimension and euler number"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 指标
Items		 处理Treatments
FP T2 T3 T4
0-10 分形维数 Fractal dimension 2.23±0.23b 2.30±0.03b 2.59±0.03a 2.62±0.04a
欧拉数 Euler number 7954±1301a 5393±463b 3556±406b 3603±477b
10-20 分形维数 Fractal dimension 2.26±0.01b 2.33±0.03b 2.63±0.02a 2.61±0.02a
欧拉数 Euler number 9934±798a 6350±848b 5149±747b 6718±1909b
20-30 分形维数 Fractal dimension 2.42±0.02a 2.50±0.12b 2.71±0.07a 2.66±0.08a
欧拉数 Euler number 7204±677a 6506±1270b 3541±271c 4606±830bc
30-40 分形维数 Fractal dimension 2.54±0.02b 2.60±0.07b 2.63±0.03b 2.78±0.01a
欧拉数 Euler number 8753±734a 5676±1091b 5250±443bc 4133±440c

Fig. 8

Effects of different subsoiling combined with straw returning measures on soil bulk density and field capacity"

Fig. 9

Correlation heat map between soil pore structure parameters and soil physical properties parameters In the figure, SP, MP, LP, TP, FD, EN, BD and FC respectively represent porosity of small pores, porosity of medium pores, porosity of large pores, total porosity, fractal dimension, Euler number, bulk density and field capacity. **Significance at 0.01 level"

Table 3

Soil organic carbon content in 0-40 cm soil layer of each treatment"

土层
Soil layer (cm)		 处理Treatments
FP T2 T3 T4
0-10 18.2±0.7b 17.3±0.5b 19.4±0.5a 19.9±0.4a
10-20 16.9±0.6b 16.2±0.5b 19.5±0.4a 20.0±0.7a
20-30 15.5±0.4b 13.6±0.6c 18.3±0.7a 18.7±0.8a
30-40 12.4±0.4c 12.1±0.5c 14.6±0.5b 15.8±1.4a
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