不同类型桃果实内酯芳香物质构成与重要性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.10.012

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study was to conduct a systematical analysis of the lactone volatile compounds in different types of ripe peach fruit (Prunus persica L.) and to evaluate the contributions of each lactone compound to peach fruit aroma. 【Method】 Multiple peach cultivars with different flesh textures, flesh colors and fruit growth periods were used in this study. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system was employed to identify and quantify the lactone volatile compounds in peach fruit, and the odor activity value was used to evaluate the contributions of each lactone compound to the fruit aroma of respective cultivars. 【Result】 Lactone volatile compounds were detected in ripe fruit of all peach cultivars, and a total of ten lactone volatile compounds were identified in peach fruit, including γ-hexalactone, γ-octalactone, γ-heptalactone, γ-decalactone, δ-deca-2, 4-dienolactone, δ-decalactone, γ-undecalactone, δ-octalactone, jasmine lactone, and cis-4-hydroxydodec-6-enoic acid lactone. Each lactone compound was of specific odor notes, and the lactone compounds predominantly emit fruity (reminiscent of coconut and peach), sweet, dairy, caramel, floral, and herbaceous smells. The common lactone compound shared by all cultivars was γ-hexalactone, the frequently detected lactone compounds were γ-decalactone and δ-decalactone, and some lactone compounds were specific to individual cultivars, such as cis-4-hydroxydodec-6-enoic acid lactone in Shenzhoumitao. Relatively higher numbers of lactone volatile compounds were detected in ripe fruit of melting peach cultivars, including Baihuashuimi, Shenzhoumitao, Chengxiang, Fenghuayulu (wan), and Feichenghonglidatao, while the lower numbers of lactone volatile compounds were present in stony hard peach cultivars including Xiacui, Qinwang and Huayu. The analysis of the odor activity values of the lactone volatile compounds revealed the universal contribution of γ-decalactone to the aroma of the majority of cultivars due to its low odor threshold value and high concentrations in fruit. γ-Decalactone conferred the strong characteristic peach-like odor to melting peach cultivars, including Shenzhoumitao, Chengxiang, Fenghuayulu (wan), and Baihuashuimi, while plain peach-like odor was observed in melting peach Achutao and stony hard peach Huayu due to the lower odor activity values of γ-decalactone, and the characteristic peach-like odor note was absent in stony hard peach Qinwang and Xiacui fruit as no γ-decalactone was detected. Besides, γ-octalactone contributed to the coconut and very sweet odors of specific cultivars, such as Chengxiang and Shenzhoumitao. 【Conclusion】 Lactones constituted an essential chemical group of the volatile compounds of peach fruit, and the mature peach fruit presented at least ten lactone volatile compounds. Various lactone volatile compounds and their different concentrations showed the aroma characteristics of different types of peach cultivars, especially the cultivars of different flesh textures, while not the ones of different flesh colors or fruit growth periods. γ-Hexalactone was the common lactone shared by all cultivars, γ-decalactone and δ-decalactone were frequently detected lactone compounds, and cis-4-hydroxydodec-6-enoic acid lactone and other lactones were specific to individual cultivars. γ-Decalactone, γ-octalactone and other lactones made important contributions to the characteristic peach-like odor and other unique odor notes in different peach cultivars.

Key words: peach, volatile compounds, lactones, odor activity values, aroma characteristics, flesh textures

ZHANG YuanYuan,LIU WenJing,ZHANG BinBin,CAI ZhiXiang,SONG HongFeng,YU MingLiang,MA RuiJuan. Characterization of the Lactone Volatile Compounds in Different Types of Peach (Prunus persica L.) Fruit and Evaluations of Their Contributions to Fruit Overall Aroma[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(10): 2026-2037.

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Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Lactones in peach fruit materials in this study"

内酯名称 Lactone name	化学名称 Chemical name	芳香特征描述 Odor note description^[15]
γ-己内酯 γ-Hexalactone	5-乙基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-ethyldihydro-	甜的、奶油的、乳糖的、烟草气味和香豆素气味,带有绿色椰子气味 Sweet, creamy, lactonic, tobacco and coumarin-like with green coconut nuances
γ-辛内酯 γ-Octalactone	5-丁基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-butyldihydro-	使人联想到椰果,非常甜的气味 Fruity odor reminiscent of coconut and a very sweet taste
γ-庚内酯 γ-Heptalactone	5-丙基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-propyl-	甜的、椰子味、焦糖和麦芽味、草本味 Sweet, coconut-like, caramel and a malty, caramel, sweet odor and herbaceous taste
γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone	5-己基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-hexyldihydro-	怡人的、果香的、桃子般的气味 Pleasant, fruity, peach-like odor
5-羟基-2, 4-癸二烯酸-δ-内酯 δ-Deca-2, 4-dienolactone	6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮 2H-Pyran-2-one, 6-pentyl-	蘑菇的、蓝奶酪内酯或奶制品气味 A mushroom, blue cheese lactone or dairy odor
δ-癸内酯 δ-Decalactone	四氢-6-戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-pentyl-	油腻的桃子的气味 An oily peach odor and taste
γ-十一内酯 γ-Undecalactone	5-庚基二氢-2(3H)-呋喃酮 2(3H)-Furanone, 5-heptyldihydro-	一种辛辣而甜美的气味,也类似于桃子 A pungent and sweet ?avor, also similar to peach
δ-辛内酯 δ-Octalactone	四氢-6-丙基-2H-吡喃-2-酮 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-propyl-	一种甜的、油腻的、椰子的、热带的、乳制品的气味 A sweet, fatty, coconut, tropical, dairy odor
茉莉内酯 Jasmine lactone	顺式-四氢-6-(2-戊烯基)-2H-吡喃-2-酮 2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-(2-pentenyl)-, (Z)-	具有花香,茉莉花瓣样香气特征,并伴有精致的果香,酷似桃子,杏仁及椰汁的香气 The characteristic floral and jasmine petal-like aroma, accompanied by exquisite fruit aroma, which is similar to the aroma of peach, almond and coconut milk
顺式-4-羟基-6-十二烯酸内酯 cis-4-Hydroxydodec-6-enoic acid lactone	顺式-二氢-5-(2-辛烯基) -2(3H)-呋喃酮 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-(2-octenyl)-, (Z)-	奶制的、奶油般的特点 Milky, buttery note

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Fig. 3

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品种名称 Cultivar name	缩写 Abbreviation	肉质 Flesh texture	果实成熟期 Fruit growth period	果肉颜色 Flesh color	采样时间 Fruit harvest date
橙香 Chengxiang	CX	溶质 Melting	早熟 Early	黄 Yellow	88 DAFB
银花露 Yinhualu	YHL	溶质 Melting	早熟 Early	白 White	86 DAFB
珲春桃3号 Hunchuntao 3	HCT3H	溶质 Melting	中熟 Medium	白 White	125 DAFB
湖景蜜露 Hujingmilu	HJML	溶质 Melting	中熟 Medium	白 White	129 DAFB
锦园 Jinyuan	JY	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	黄 Yellow	126 DAFB
阿初桃 Achutao	ACT	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	白 White	121 DAFB
奉化玉露（晚） Fenghuayulu (wan)	FHYL(W)	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	白 White	142 DAFB
白花水蜜 Baihuashuimi	BHSM	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	白 White	144 DAFB
霞晖8号 Xiahui 8	XH8H	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	白 White	143 DAFB
晚硕蜜 Wanshuomi	WSM	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	白 White	141 DAFB
深州蜜桃 Shenzhoumitao	SZMT	溶质 Melting	晚熟 Late	白 White	142 DAFB
肥城白里大桃 Feichengbailidatao	FCBLDT	溶质 Melting	极晚熟 Very late	白 White	153 DAFB
肥城红里大桃 Feichenghonglidatao	FCHLDT	溶质 Melting	极晚熟 Very late	白 White	153 DAFB
霞脆 Xiacui	XC	硬质 Stony hard	中熟 Medium	白 White	117 DAFB
秦王 Qinwang	QW	硬质 Stony hard	晚熟 Late	白 White	138 DAFB
华玉 Huayu	HY	硬质 Stony hard	晚熟 Late	白 White	141 DAFB

品种名称 Cultivar name	γ-辛内酯 γ-Octalactone	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalactone
橙香 Chengxiang	1.12	144.5
银花露 Yinhualu	<	47.08
珲春桃3号 Hunchuntao 3	<	37.89
湖景蜜露 Hujingmilu	<	17.38
锦园 Jinyuan	<	26.24
阿初桃 Achutao	<	3.45
霞晖8号 Xiahui 8	<	11.42
晚硕蜜 Wanshuomi	<	36.22
奉化玉露（晚） Fenghuayulu (wan)	<	104.72
白花水蜜 Baihuashuimi	<	96.02
深州蜜桃 Shenzhoumitao	2.77	352.26
肥城白里大桃 Feichengbailidatao	<	25.13
肥城红里大桃 Feichenghonglidatao	<	48.62
霞脆 Xiacui	<	<
秦王 Qinwang	<	<
华玉 Huayu	<	2.17

Characterization of the Lactone Volatile Compounds in Different Types of Peach (Prunus persica L.) Fruit and Evaluations of Their Contributions to Fruit Overall Aroma

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品种名称 Cultivar name	γ-己内酯 γ-Hexalac-tone	γ-癸内酯 γ-Decalac- tone	δ-癸内酯 δ-Decalac- tone	茉莉内酯 Jasmine lactone	γ-辛内酯 γ-Octalac- tone	5-羟基-2,4-癸二烯酸-δ-内酯 δ-Deca-2,4- dienolac-tone	γ-十一内酯 γ-Undeca- lactone	γ-庚内酯 γ-Hepta- lactone	δ-辛内酯 δ-Octalac- tone	顺式-4-羟基-6- 十二烯酸内酯 cis-4-hydroxydodec-6-enoic acid lactone
橙香 Chengxiang	+	+	+	+	+	nd	+	+	+	nd
银花露 Yinhualu	+	+	+	+	nd	+	nd	+	nd	nd
珲春桃3号 Hunchuntao 3	+	+	+	+	nd	+	nd	nd	nd	nd
湖景蜜露 Hujingmilu	+	+	+	+	nd	+	nd	nd	nd	nd
锦园 Jinyuan	+	+	+	+	+	+	nd	nd	nd	nd
阿初桃 Achutao	+	+	+	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
霞晖8号 Xiahui 8	+	+	+	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
晚硕蜜 Wanshuomi	+	+	+	nd	nd	+	+	nd	+	nd
奉化玉露（晚） Fenghuayulu (wan)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	nd	nd
白花水蜜 Baihuashuimi	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	nd
深州蜜桃 Shenzhoumitao	+	+	+	+	+	nd	+	+	+	+
肥城红里大桃 Feichenghonglidatao	+	+	+	+	+	nd	+	nd	+	nd
肥城白里大桃 Feichengbailidatao	+	+	+	+	+	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
霞脆 Xiacui	+	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
秦王 Qinwang	+	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
华玉 Huayu	+	+	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd

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