不同肥力棕壤玉米根茬和茎叶残体碳氮的固定特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.23.008

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 Straw returning to the field is one of important measures to increase soil carbon (C) fixation and to improve soil nutrient status. Studying the C and nitrogen (N) fixation characteristics of different parts of maize residues in the soil is of great significance for clarifying the C and N sequestration mechanism under straw returning. 【Method】 This study was based on the long-term experiment station of Shenyang Agricultural University. The soils treated with no fertilization and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizers were collected as low fertility (LF) and high fertility (HF) soils, respectively, and combined with ¹³C and ¹⁵N double-labeled maize residues. Maize stalk and leaf part (S) as well as root part (R) are mixed with collected soils, respectively, and incubated at 25℃. In the experiment, the samples were taken on the 1^st, 30^th, 60^th, 180^th and 360^th days to determine the total organic C (SOC), total N (TN) content, and their isotopic abundances, and to analyze C and N fixing dynamics of different parts of maize residues in the soil with different fertility levels..【Result】 Adding maize residues significantly increased soil SOC, and could still increase by 14.0% after one year. After adding maize residues, a small part of N in the soil system might be lost by denitrification, and both added N deriving from maize residues and native N in soil were contributed in the lost. Compared with the addition of root residues, the addition of straw residues was more conducive to retaining the added residual C and N, which had a stronger effect on stimulating the local C decomposition and N loss. In contrast, the root residues tended to be decomposed, while the native soil C and N were relatively protected. Although the fixation of added residual C in low-fertility soil was higher than that in high-fertility soil, the fixed added residual C presented a greater contribution to the promotion of C pool in the low-fertility soil. Under the treatment of residues addition, C/N and ¹³C/¹⁵N (representing residue-deriving C/N in the soil) in low-fertility soil were significantly higher than those in high-fertility soil. However, the results showed that ¹³C/¹⁵N was not the main factor limiting the decomposition and fixation of residues in low-fertility soil, which might be related to the distinctive soil microbial community favoring of utilizing the specific substrate under the long-term substrate selection..【Conclusion】 Adding maize residues from different parts of the soil could significantly increase soil carbon and nitrogen levels, but the immobilization strategies of new carbon/nitrogen in the residues and soil old carbon/nitrogen were different. The low-fertility soil had higher capacity to fix exogenous carbon and less fertility, and their fixation of residues in different parts was not affected by the limitation of C/N from exogenous residues in this study.

Key words: maize residue, soil fertility level, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen fixation, stable isotope labeling

LI JiaYan,SUN LiangJie,MA Nan,WANG Feng,WANG JingKuan. Carbon and Nitrogen Fixation Characteristics of Maize Root and Straw Residues in Brown Soil Under High and Low Fertility[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(23): 4664-4677.

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References 40

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处理 Treatment	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N	δ¹³C值 δ¹³C value (‰)	δ¹⁵N 值 δ¹⁵N value (‰)	pH
高肥土壤HF High-fertility soil, HF	15.22±0.17A	1.71±0.03A	8.90±0.11	-19.67±0.09A	8.67±0.57A	5.91±0.05B
低肥土壤LF Low-fertility soil, LF	11.72±0.01B	1.27±0.01B	9.23±0.09	-18.16±0.14B	8.39±0.35B	6.34±0.02A

处理 Treatment	有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N ratio	δ¹³C值 δ¹³C value (‰)	δ¹⁵N 值 δ¹⁵N value (‰)
根茬 Root, R	444.46	6.14	72.35	298.47	11003.51
茎叶 Stalk and leaf, S	407.54	8.49	48.00	386.06	11005.59

处理 Treatment	土壤总有机碳 Soil organic carbon (g·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	1 d	30 d	60 d	180 d	360 d
HF	15.22±0.17aC	15.10±0.17aB	14.78±0.17bB	14.73±0.09bB	14.37±0.07bB
LF	11.72±0.01aD	11.05±0.19bC	10.99±0.26bC	10.75±0.23bD	10.48±0.04bD
HF+R	23.53±0.13aA	18.55±0.12bA	17.58±0.16cA	16.34±0.33dA	15.85±0.41dA
LF+R	20.70±0.28aB	15.47±0.24bB	15.26±0.20bB	13.36±0.20cC	12.33±0.21dC
HF+S	22.55±0.37aA	17.96±0.25bA	17.45±0.10bcA	16.59±0.31cdA	16.05±0.41dA
LF+S	19.56±0.30aB	15.63±0.21bB	14.95±0.14bB	12.71±0.29cC	12.85±0.23cC

处理 Treatment	土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)
处理 Treatment	1 d	30 d	60 d	180 d	360 d
HF	1.71±0.03aB	1.63±0.03abC	1.62±0.03abB	1.59±0.01bB	1.62±0.03abB
LF	1.27±0.01bD	1.37±0.02aD	1.27±0.04bC	1.31±0.01abC	1.20±0.01cC
HF+R	1.83±0.02aA	1.82±0.01aB	1.80±0.03abA	1.69±0.01cA	1.75±0.02bcA
LF+R	1.36±0.02abC	1.41±0.02aD	1.29±0.05bC	1.31±0.03abC	1.25±0.02bC
HF+S	1.87±0.02aA	1.89±0.01aA	1.73±0.04bA	1.68±0.01bcA	1.60±0.03cB
LF+S	1.39±0.01aC	1.37±0.03aD	1.33±0.02abC	1.25±0.03bcC	1.26±0.01bcC

处理 Treatment	土壤碳氮比 C/N
处理 Treatment	1 d	30 d	60 d	180 d	360 d
HF	9.23±0.11abC	9.45±0.12aC	9.15±0.21abD	9.29±0.08abC	8.87±0.14bC
LF	9.25±0.09aC	8.07±0.27bD	8.66±0.29abD	8.22±0.16bD	8.73±0.12abC
HF+R	12.89±0.13aB	10.20±0.12bB	9.75±0.17bcB	9.65±0.20cdB	9.07±0.14dB
LF+R	15.22±0.07aA	11.00±0.31bA	11.87±0.39bA	10.23±0.09cA	9.84±0.29cA
HF+S	12.08±0.09aB	9.48±0.13bC	10.09±0.30bC	9.85±0.14cB	10.01±0.09cB
LF+S	14.09±0.12aB	11.41±0.44bB	11.24±0.26cB	10.15±0.43dB	10.18±0.27dB

Carbon and Nitrogen Fixation Characteristics of Maize Root and Straw Residues in Brown Soil Under High and Low Fertility

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