Scientia Agricultura Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (19): 4132-4142.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.009

• SOIL & FERTILIZER·WATER-SAVING IRRIGATION·AGROECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors on Inherent Soil Productivity Across Dryland

LI GuanMo1(),ZHANG WenJu1(),QU XiaoLin2,QIAO Lei1,HUANG YaPing1,XU Hu1,XU MingGang1   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving of Arable Land, Beijing 100081
    2Farmland Quality Monitoring and Protection Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125
  • Received:2020-10-28 Accepted:2021-04-20 Online:2021-10-01 Published:2021-10-12
  • Contact: WenJu ZHANG E-mail:82101186082@caas.cn;zhangwenju01@caas.cn

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Abstract:

【Objective】Inherent soil productivity of cropland is an important index of its productivity potential. The main objective of this study was to explore the evolution patterns and to identify the main influencing factors on the contribution of inherent soil productivity (CISP), which could provide the guidance for sustainable utilization of cultivated land to improve of CISP. 【Method】Based on the national long-term field monitoring network in China, the monitoring dataset were grouped according to regional distributions, monitoring years, soil types, and soil physical and chemical properties to explore the spatial-temporal evolution patterns and importance factors on the CISP for wheat/maize season.【Result】The median values of CISP for wheat and maize were 48.9% and 53.4% across main producing regions. The CISP for maize in Northeast and Northwest China were 60.8% and 57.0%. In southwest China, the CISP for the wheat and maize were both the lowest, with the median values of 35.8% and 21.3%. During the past 30 years, the CISP of China’s cropland showed an increasing trend. The CISP in the 2010s significantly were increased by 15 percentage points compared with the value in the 1980s. The results of random forest model showed that soil type and soil pH were the main factors influencing the CISP at national scale. As for wheat on regional scale, soil organic matter (SOM) was the most important factor in the North China, and available phosphorus (AP) was the most important factor in the Southwest China and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River. However, as for maize, regardless of soil type and area, available potassium (AK) and soil pH were mainly important influencing factors in the North China and the lower reaches of Yangtze River. Soil organic matter (SOM) was the most important factor in the Northeast and Southwest China. 【Conclusion】The CISP in China is increasing on the whole with obvious differences among regions. On the national scale, soil type and pH were main factors casing variation of CISP. The soil type, SOM, AP and pH were mainly important factors casing variation of CISP on regional scale.

Key words: farmland soil, inherent soil productivity, the evolution characteristics, wheat, maize

Table 1

Overview of the regional distributions and typical soil types involved in the study"

区域
Region		 监测点个数
The number of sites		 各时间阶段监测点个数
Number of sites in each time period		 主要土壤类型
Typical soil type
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
东北 Northeast China 23 0 8 10 5 黑土、草甸土、棕壤 Black soil, Meadow soil, Brown soil
华北
North China Plain		 65 6 24 25 10 潮土、褐土、砂姜黑土
Fluvo-aquic soil, Cinnamon soil, Shajiang black soil
长江中下游
The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River		 46 2 17 23 4 水稻土、潮土、砂姜黑土
Paddy soil, Fluvo-aquic soil, Shajiang black soil
西南 Southwest China 13 4 4 4 1 水稻土、紫色土、红壤 Paddy soil, Purple soil, Red soil
西北
Northwest China		 25 3 9 9 4 灌漠土、灌淤土、栗钙土
Irrigated desert soil, Irrigated-silting soil, Chestnut soil
总计 Total 172

Table 2

Grouping standard of soil nutrient factors and pH"

土壤性状等级
Soil property level		 有机质
Soil organic matter (g·kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen (g·kg-1)		 有效磷
Available phosphorus (mg·kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium (mg·kg-1)		 pH
Ⅰ >25 >1.5 >40 >200 >8.5
Ⅱ 20-25 1.25-1.5 30-40 150-200 7.5-8.5
Ⅲ 15-20 1-1.25 20-30 100-150 6.5-7.5
Ⅳ 10-15 0.75-1 10-20 50-100 5.5-6.5
Ⅴ ≤10 ≤0.75 ≤10 ≤50 ≤5.5

Fig. 1

The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity after each monitoring sites for different region and periods The lower and upper boundaries,bars,and dots in or outside the boxes indicate 25% and 75%, 5% and 95%, the minimum and maximum besides the vertical outliers of the data. The solid and dashed lines represent the median and mean value. Different letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in median mean value. Numbers of observations are shown in parenthesis. The same as below"

Fig. 2

The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity in the different soil chemical properties SOM: Soil organic matter; TN: Soil total nitrogen; AP: Soil available phosphorus; AK: Soil available potassium. The same as below"

Fig. 3

The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity in different soil types and texture"

Fig. 4

Impact factors importance of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity in wheat growing season"

Fig. 5

Impact factors importance of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity in maize growing season"

Fig. 6

Impact factors importance of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity for the different periods for wheat and maize season"

Table 3

Var explained (%) in random forest model"

作物类型
Crop type		 全国
The whole China		 区域 Region 时间 Time period
东北
Northeast China		 华北
North China Plain		 长江中下游
The middle and lower
reaches of Yangtze River		 西北
Northwest China		 西南
Southwest China		 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
小麦Wheat 32.15 - 3.41 20.79 49.54 20.53 5.28 28.6 35.97 33.96
玉米Maize 50.34 40.38 3.19 47.63 68.03 46.07 19.33 42.34 66.54 49.97
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